LG 42LB5800 Service Manual

LG 42LB5800 Service Manual

Led
Hide thumbs Also See for 42LB5800:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

LED TV

SERVICE MANUAL

CHASSIS : LA46B
MODEL : 42LB5800
CAUTION
BEFORE SERVICING THE CHASSIS,
READ THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THIS MANUAL.
P/NO : MFL68026204 (1402-REV00)
North/Latin America
Europe/Africa
Asia/Oceania
42LB5800-UG
Internal Use Only
http://aic.lgservice.com
http://eic.lgservice.com
http://biz.lgservice.com
Printed in Korea

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Summary of Contents for LG 42LB5800

  • Page 1: Service Manual

    Internal Use Only North/Latin America http://aic.lgservice.com Europe/Africa http://eic.lgservice.com Asia/Oceania http://biz.lgservice.com LED TV SERVICE MANUAL CHASSIS : LA46B MODEL : 42LB5800 42LB5800-UG CAUTION BEFORE SERVICING THE CHASSIS, READ THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THIS MANUAL. P/NO : MFL68026204 (1402-REV00) Printed in Korea...
  • Page 2 SPECIFICATION ..................4 ADJUSTMENT INSTRUCTION ..............9 BLOCK DIAGRAM .................. 18 EXPLODED VIEW .................. 19 SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM .............. - 2 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 3: Safety Precautions

    An other abnormality exists that must be corrected before the receiver is returned to the customer. - 3 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 4: Servicing Precautions

    - 4 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 5 1. Clip each fuse or resistor lead at top of the circuit board hollow stake. 2. Securely crimp the leads of replacement component around notch at stake top. - 5 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 6 - Safety : UL, CSA, IEC specification - EMC: FCC, ICES, IEC specification - Wireless : WirelessHD Specification (Option) - 6 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 7: General Specification

    2) Humidity : ~ 80 % Storage Environment 1) Temp : -20 ~ 60 deg 2) Humidity : ~ 85 % - 7 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 8 HDTV 1080P 1920*1080 26.97 23.97 74.176 HDTV 1080P 1920*1080 33.75 30.000 74.25 HDTV 1080P 1920*1080 33.716 29.976 74.176 HDTV 1080P - 8 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 9: Adjustment Instruction

    (2) Manual adjustment for ADC calibration and White balance. (3) Shipment conditions, Channel pre-set 4.2.6. Inspection - In INSTART menu, check these keys. - 9 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 10 ⓓ Model Name(Hex): LGTV Chassis MODEL NAME(HEX) LA46B 00 00 00 FC 00 4C 47 20 54 56 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ⓔ Checksum(LG TV): Changeable by total EDID data. ⓔ1 ⓔ2 ⓔ3 4.4. EDID Download HDMI1 4.4.1 Overview...
  • Page 11 00 00 00 FC 00 4C 47 20 54 56 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 LA46B 00 00 00 FC 00 4C 47 20 54 56 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ⓔ Checksum(LG TV): Changeable by total EDID data. ⓔ Checksum(LG TV): Changeable by total EDID data. ⓔ1 ⓔ2...
  • Page 12: White Balance Adjustment

    ▪ W/B Adj. must begin as start command “wb 00 00” , and 5.1.3. Equipment connection finish as end command “wb 00 ff”, and Adj. offset if need - 12 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 13: Color Temperature

    Coordinate Mode Temp △uv Cool 0.271±0.002 0.270±0.002 13,000K 0.0000 Medium 0.286±0.002 0.289±0.002 9,300K 0.0000 Warm 0.313±0.002 0.329±0.002 6,500K 0.0000 - 13 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 14 33152 64070 12502 1353 41771 65LB6190-UD 34467 13329 33152 64070 12502 1353 41771 ※ Tool option can be reconstructed by Software - 14 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 15 ▪ After final inspection, press In-Stop key of the Adj. R/C and check that the unit goes to Stand-by mode - 15 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 16 - GND Test = POWER CORD GND and SIGNAL CABLE GND. - Hi-pot Test = POWER CORD GND and LIVE & NEUTRAL. (4) LEAKAGE CURRENT: At 0.5mArms - 16 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 17 6.White Balance, you can select one of 2 Test-pattern: ON, OFF. Default is inner(ON). By selecting OFF, you can adjust using RF signal in 216 Gray pattern. - 17 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 18: Block Diagram

    BLOCK DIAGRAM - 18 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 19: Exploded View

    X-RADIATION, Shock, Fire, or other Hazards. Do not modify the original design without permission of manufacturer. - 19 - Copyright © LG Electronics. Inc. All rights reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 20 MID_MAIN_3 2011.12.09 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 21 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. DDR ONE SIDE Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 22 JACK HIGH / MID 2011.11.21 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 23 IR / KEY 2011.11.21 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 24 JACK_COMMON 2011.11.21 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 25 2011.11.21 AMP_NEO ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 26 FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDS, WHEN SERVICING IF IS ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 27 LOCAL DIMMING 2011.12.13 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 28 11.09.29 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 29 FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDS, WHEN SERVICING IF IS ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 30 MID_MAIN_1 2013.07.16 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 31 MID_MAIN_2 2013.07.16 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 32 2011.11.25 MID_POWER ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 33 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. MICOM (RENESAS) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 34 HDMI 4 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 35 14Y Phone Jack 2013.08.27 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 36 USB2_USB3 2013.11.25 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 37 LAN_VERTICAL 2013.11.26 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 38 TUNER 2013.07.16 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 39 TUNER_CIRCUIT 2013.07.16 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 40 LVDS_HIGH_MID 2013.07.16 ESSENTIAL THAT ONLY MANUFACTURES SPECIFIED PARTS BE USED FOR THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SYMBOL MARK OF THE SCHEMETIC. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 42 First of all, Check whether there is SVC Bulletin in GCSC System for these model. k h th i SVC B ll ti i GCSC S t Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 1 / 97...
  • Page 43 Exchange LED driver Board (PSU) A-3/5 Other : PSU Module Exchange Module itself (1) A-4/5 Exchange Module itself (2) A-5/5 Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 2 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 44 Always check & record S/W Version and White Replace Main Board Re-enter White Balance value Balance value before replacing the Main Board Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 3 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 45 No Video/ replace voltage? ( 3.5V,12V or 24V…) No audio MAIN B/D Replace Power Board and repair parts Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 4 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 46 Contact with signal distributor Normal Tuner soldering Picture? or broadcaster (Cable or Air) Normal Picture? Replace Main B/D Close Close Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 5 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 47 Request repair for external device/cable Check external External device HDMI/DVI device and Replace Main B/D /Cable error cable normal Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 6 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 48 (Check normal operation of normal? Main B/D External Input, Component, AV and HDMI/DVI by connecting Jig, pattern Generator ,Set-top Box etc. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 7 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 49 Close Normal Normal Check ST-BY 3.5V k ST BY 3 5V voltage? ☞A18 Replace Power B/D Replace Power Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 8 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 50 Power B/D Part * Please refer to the all cases which can be displayed on power off mode. Click the below Hyper_link Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 9 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 51 Change the TV Speaker Replace Power Board and repair parts Check Speaker Replace MAIN Board Disconnection disconnection Replace Speaker / Cable Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 10 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 52 Connect and check Normal Check and fix other external device audio? external device Check and fix external device Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 11 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 53 If R/C operate, Normal Close Explain the customer operating? cause is interference from light in room. Replace R/C Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 12 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 54 Replace Main B/D Replace Main B/D Fix in Fix in external device/cable Recognition error accordance with technical information Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 13 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 55 (For models without any fix information, provide (For models without any fix information, provide the description) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 14 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 56 ☞A28 Cabinet Cabinet Replace cabinet damage Remote controller Replace remote controller damage damage Stand Replace stand dent Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 15 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 57 Remote controller operation checking method controller key error controller, key error D. VCOM Adjustment Sequence of the Vcom adjustment Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 16 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 58 3. After recording the R, G, B (GAIN, Cut) value of Color Temp (Cool/Medium/Warm), re- enter the value after replacing the MAIN BOARD. enter the value after replacing the MAIN BOARD. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 17 / 97...
  • Page 59 - 24Pin wafer is applied operating L/D at power and main B/D - 18Pin wafer is applied not operating L/D at power and main B/D Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 18 / 97...
  • Page 60 - signal test select channel When the signal is strong, use the attenuator (-10dB, -15dB, -20dB etc.) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 19 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 61 1. Checking method for remote controller for adjustment Version Press the IN-START with the remote controller for adjustment Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 20 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 62 <ALL MODELS> As the part connecting to the external input, check the screen condition by signal k th diti Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 21 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 63 1. Check the signal strength or check whether the screen is normal when the external device is connected. 2. After measuring each voltage from power supply, finally replace the MAIN BOARD.( with Main to Power Cable, Speaker Cable and LVDS or EPI Cable) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only...
  • Page 64 3 MODULE error (ADD BAR SCAN BAR ) 3. MODULE error (ADD-BAR,SCAN BAR..) 4.Video error (Classification of MODULE or Main-B/D!) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 23 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 65 LG Logo Light Brightness and Duration ST-BY condition: Red or Logo Light ON Power ON condition: OFF or User Settings Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 24 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 66 - 24Pin wafer is applied operating L/D at power and main B/D - 18Pin wafer is applied not operating L/D at power and main B/D Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 25 / 97...
  • Page 67 - 24Pin wafer is applied operating L/D at power and main B/D - 18Pin wafer is applied not operating L/D at power and main B/D Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 26 / 97...
  • Page 68 1. Press the IN-START button of the remote controller for adjustment 2. Check the entry into adjustment item 3 Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 27 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 69 1. Press the MENU button on the remote controller 2. Select the SOUND function of the Menu 3. Select TV Speaker from Others Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 28 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 70 ③ Connect the tester RX1 to the speaker terminal and if you hear the “Chik Chik” sound when you touch the GND d if h “Chik Chik” h h GND and output terminal, the speaker is normal. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 29 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 71 When checking the Pre-Amp when the power is in ON condition, it is normal when the Analog Tester needle moves slowly, and defective when it does not move at all. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only...
  • Page 72 ■ Push the OK key to store the value. Then the message “Saving OK” is pop. ■ Press the exit key to finish V-COM adjustment. Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 31 / 97...
  • Page 73 POWER_OFF_BY_MCU Abnormal for 15 sec. POWER_OFF_BY_1SEC_POWER_OFF POWER_OFF_BY_MCU Abnormal status with Power Off Key POWER_OFF_BY_20VMNT POWER_OFF_BY_abnormal Panel status (Only OLED) Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 32 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 74 Solder defect, CNT Broken Solder defect, CNT Broken T-Con Defect, CNT Broken Abnormal Power Section Solder defect, Short/Crack Solder defect, Short/Crack Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 33 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 75 Fuse Open Abnormal power section Fuse Open, Abnormal power section Solder defect Short/Crack Solder defect, Short/Crack GRADATION Noise GRADATION Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 34 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 76 Appendix : Exchange PSU(LED driver) No Light Dim Light Dim Light Dim Light Dim Light Dim Light No picture/Sound Ok Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 35 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 77 Panel Mura, Light leakage Press damage Crosstalk Press damage Crosstalk Un-repairable Cases In this case please exchange the module. Press damage Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 36 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...
  • Page 78 In this case please exchange the module. Horizontal Block Horizontal Block Gate TAB IC Defect Gate TAB IC Defect Copyright ⓒ 2014 LG Electronics. Inc. All right reserved. LGE Internal Use Only 37 / 97 Only for training and service purposes...

Table of Contents