Brother HL-600 Service Manual
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Brother HL-600 Service Manual

Brother HL-600 Service Manual

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HL-600
LASER PRINTER
SERVICE MANUAL
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MECHANICS & ELECTRONICS

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  • Page 1 HL-600 LASER PRINTER SERVICE MANUAL Click Here for Table of Content MECHANICS & ELECTRONICS...
  • Page 2 PREFACE This service manual contains basic information required for after-sales service of the laser printer (here- in-after referred to as "this machine" or "the printer"). This information is vital to the service technical in maintaining the high printing quality and performance of the printer. This service manual covers both HL-630 / HL-631/ HL-641,645 / 650 / 655M.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    CONTENTS CHAPTER I FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS FEATURES ........................I-1 SPECIFICATIONS ....................... I-2 Printing ........................I-2 Functions ........................I-2 Electrical and Mechanical ..................I-2 Paper Specification ....................I-4 Print Delivery ......................I-4 Paper ........................I-4 Effective Printing Area ....................I-5 SAFETY INFORMATION ....................I-7 Laser Safty (110 - 120V Model only) .................
  • Page 4 2.4.6 Toner Auger ..................... II-18 2.4.7 Erase Lamp ....................II-18 Print Process ......................II-18 2.5.1 Charging ....................II-18 2.5.2 Exposure Stage ..................II-19 2.5.3 Developing ....................II-20 2.5.4 Transfer ....................II-20 2.5.5 Drum Cleaning Stage ................II-21 2.5.6 Erasing Stage ................... II-21 CHAPTER III DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ....................

  • Page 5: Chapter Ifeatures And Specifications

    CHAPTER I FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS FEATURES This printer has the following features: 300dpi Resolution and 6ppm Printing Speed 300 dots per inch (dpi) with microfine toner and six pages per minute (ppm) printing speed (Letter paper). Versatile Paper Handing The printer has a multi-purpose sheet feeder and straight paper path mechanism.

  • Page 6: Specifications

    MC68EC000 16 MHz Emulation Automatic emulation selection among HP LaserJet IIP, EPSON FX-850, and IBM Proprinter XL Printer Driver Windows 3.1 driver, supporting Brother Native Compression mode and bi-directional capability. Optional Macintosh® QuickDraw driver (Standard in some countries.) Interface Bi-directional Centronics parallel.
  • Page 7 Temperature Operating: 10 to 32.5°C (59 to 90.5°F) Storage: 0 to 40° C (38 to 104°F) Humidity Operating: 20 to 80% (without condensation) Storage: 20 to 80% (without condensation) Dimensions (W x H x D) 357(W) 351(D) 192(H) mm (when the output tray is closed and the Multi-purpose sheet I - 3...

  • Page 8: Paper Specification

    Paper Specification (1) Multi-purpose tray loading Paper size: A4, Letter, Legal, B5, A5, and Executive, and other sizes of paper that can be handled by the feed mechanism, can be loaded. 90 to 216 mm 148 to 356 mm (face down) Feeding direction Feedable paper type 60 (16 lb.) to 135 (36 lb.)g/m2...

  • Page 9: Effective Printing Area

    (b) Special paper (specified types) • Labels • Envelopes (DL, C5, COM10) • Postcards • Organizers (K, L, and M sizes of DAY-TIMERS) (2) Paper feed conditions Type Name Tray feed Manual feed Normal paper (cut sheet) 60 to 135 g/m paper Labels Special paper (cut sheet)
  • Page 10 The table below shows the effective printing areas. SIZE 288.5mm 210.0mm 297.0mm 203.2.0mm 3.4mm 4.23mm 11.36" (2,480 dots) (3,507 dots) (2,400 dots) (40 dots) (50 dots) (3,408 dots) 215.9mm 279.4mm 207.5mm 288.5mm 6.35mm 8.5" 11.0" 8.0" 10.67" Letter (75 dots) (2,550 dots) (3,300 dots) (2,400 dots)

  • Page 11: Safety Information

    United States. The label shown below indicates compliance with the CDRH regulations and must be attached to laser products marketed in the United States. MANUFACTURED : BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. 15-1, Naeshiro-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya 467, Japan. This product conforms with CDRH radiation performance standard 21 CFR chapter 1 subchapter J.

  • Page 12: Caution For Laser Product

    Caution for Laser Product (1) CAUTION: When the machine during serving is operated with open cover, the regulations of VBG 93 and the performance instructions for VBG 93 are valid. (2) CAUTION: In case of any trouble with the laser unit, please replace the laser unit itself. To prevent direct exposure to the laser beam, do not try to open the enclosure of laser unit.

  • Page 13: Theory Of Operation

    CHAPTER II THEORY OF OPERATION ELECTRONICS General Block Diagram Fig. 2.1 shows a general block diagram of this printer. Optional RAM board Optional I/F board (1.0, 1.5 MB) (Mac. RS-232C) Control system Expansion memory I/O Expansion I/O Interface block Video control block Engine control block Operation block (Operation panel)

  • Page 14: Main Pcb Block Diagram

    Main PCB Block Diagram Fig. 2.2 shows a block diagram of the main PCB. A S I C (MC68EC000) OSCILLATOR (15.3MHz) RESET CIRCUIT ADDRESS DECODER DRAM CONTROL PROGRAM + FONT ROM 512 KByte TIMER (0.5M or 1M Byte) FIFO OPTION RAM (0.5M or 1M Byte) CDCC PARALLEL I/O OPTION SERIAL I/O...
  • Page 15 Main PCB 1.3.1 The CPU is a Motorola MC68EC000FN16 which is driven with a clock frequency of 15.3 MHz. This clock frequency is made by dividing the source clock of 30.67 MHz into two. The address bus is 23 bits of A1 to A23, and the data bus is 16 bits. The total memory space is 16 MBytes.
  • Page 16 1.3.2 ASIC (1) Oscillator circuit Generates the main clock for the CPU by deviding the source clock frequency into two. (2) Address decoder Generates the CS for each device. (3) DRAM control Generates the RAS, CAS, WR, OE and MA signals for the DRAM and controls refresh processing (CAS before RAS self-refreshing method).
  • Page 17 The default setting is "AUTO MODE", which means that the time between the falling edge of the BUSY signal and the rising edge of the STROBE signal is measured, and if it is longer than about 33 µ sec, the mode is automatically switched to the LOW SPEED MODE;...
  • Page 18 (10) Engine control I/O This I/O is for connection to the driver PCB. It controls the motors, solenoids, sensors, etc. #5 UPD93094GM-3ED (02-07C) SELIN SELIN (02-07C) HBUSY HBUSY PRMINT (02-07C) PRMINT (02-07C) ( 02-04F) EXINT EXINT -08B) -08B) -08B) HAISI HAISI -08C) LOCK...

  • Page 19: Rom

    1.3.3 A program of 512 Kbytes and the font data are stored in the ROM. A 42-pin IC socket is provided: an 8 Mbit ROM (42-pin) can be mounted to this socket normally, but a 4 Mbit ROM (40-pin) must be mounted to leave the 1st and 42nd pins of the socket opened.

  • Page 20: Optional Rams

    1.3.5 Optional RAMs There are two types of optional RAM: the 1 Mbyte model and the 1.5 Mbyte model, but even if the 1.5 Mbyte model is mounted in addition to a 1 M mode, only 2 Mbytes in total will be recognized. 0.5 M model + 1 M optional RAM = 1.5 Mbytes 0.5 M model + 1.5 M optional RAM = 2 Mbytes...

  • Page 21: Reset Circuit

    1.3.7 EEPROM The EEPROM is X24CO1A type of a two-wire method with a 128 x 8 bit configuration. 4.7K XL24C01AF -05E) SCL SDA ( -05D) TEST Fig. 2.10 1.3.8 Reset circuit The reset IC is PST593DMT. The reset voltage is 4.2 V (typ.) and the LOW period of reset is 200 ms (typ.). RESET ( -01E) PST593DMT...

  • Page 22: Engine I/O

    1.3.10 Engine I/O -04B ) HCMPI R10 18K 100K 5.1K 6.2K R15 R6 10K 10K 182 X4 470K DRIVE I/F -04A) -04A) LED0 LED1 LED2 LED3 N.C. (02 -04C) RESIST RESIST -04B) TONER TONER -03B) +5VI +5VI -04A) HAISI HAISI -10C) TONERTH TONERTH...

  • Page 23: Driver Pcb

    Driver PCB 1.4.1 Paper Feed Motor Drive Circuit The motor driver is a four-device FET array, which manage the constant current control by feeding back the voltage of the current detection resistor. The comparator for the constant current control is incorporated in the AS IC on the main PCB, which controls the excited output to go OFF by the specified period (12.5µs) when the motor drive current exceeds the specified current level.

  • Page 24: Operation Panel

    1.4.3 Operation Panel Four LEDS and two switches are mounted on the PCB. LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 Fig. 2.16 1.4.4 Scanner Motor, Laser, Sensors (Registration, Paper Eject, Toner), Thermistor, High-voltage Power Supply. Since these are controlled directly from the main PCB, the driver PCB has only relays the above signals of each connectors.

  • Page 25: Power Supply

    Power Supply The power supply uses the switching regulation system to generate the regulated DC power (+5V and +24V), which are converted from the AC line. (Heater) Thermal Lightning Fuse Fuse Surge Heater Absorber Circuit Lamp Feedback Line Rectifier Oscillator Filter (Driver Circuit) 24VI...

  • Page 26: Mechanics

    MECHANICS Overview of printing mechanism Multi-Purpose Tray Manual Paper Pass Paper Supply Unit Papers Paper Pick Up Roller Process Unit Paper Regist Roller Photosensitive Drum Transfer Roller Hopper Plate Fuser Unit Pressure Roller Registration Sensor Lever Eject Sensor Actuator Exit Roller Heat Roller Toner Cartridge Toner...

  • Page 27: Paper Transfer

    Paper Transfer 2.2.1 Paper Supply The pickup roller picks up one sheet of paper from the paper tray at every one rotation and feeds it to the registration roller one by one. Pickup roller Papers Registration sensor lever Hopper plate Print pad Fig.

  • Page 28: Paper Eject

    2.2.3 Paper Eject The completion of paper eject is detected in the following manner: (a) when the leading edge of the paper push up the eject sensor actuator located in the fixing unit, the photo sensor (photo interrupter) is opened and detects the start of paper eject motion.

  • Page 29: Sensors

    Sensors 2.3.1 Multi-Paper Tray (MPT) Sensor Detects whether or not the multi-paper tray is installed. 2.3.2 Cover Sensor Detects open or close of the top cover. 2.3.3 Toner Empty Sensor Detects if there is toner in the toner cartridge. It also detects whether or not the process unit is installed.

  • Page 30: Process Unit

    Process Unit 2.4.1 Photosensitive Drum Generates the latent electrostatic image and develops the image on the drum surface. 2.4.2 Primary Charger Forms a uniform charge on the drum surface. (1) Corona wire Generates ion on the drum. (2) Grid Spreads the ion evenly over the drum. 2.4.3 Developer Roller Develops the latent electrostatic image on the drum surface by the toner.

  • Page 31: Exposure Stage

    2.5.2 Exposure stage After the drum is positively charged, it is exposed to the light emitted from the laser unit. Drum Laser Beam Paper + + + Laser beam lens Laser detector Polygon mirror + + + Laser diode Motor Lens Fig.

  • Page 32: Developing

    2.5.3 Developing Developing causes the toner to be attracted to the electrostatic image on the drum so as to transform it into a visible image. The Developer Consists of the magnetic carrier and the magnetic toner. The developer makes the magnetic brush on the developer roller which includes the rotatable magnet roller.

  • Page 33: Drum Cleaning Stage

    2.5.5 Drum Cleaning Stage In the image transfer stage, not all the toner on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto the paper but some of them remain on the drum. In the drum cleaning stage, the drum surface is cleaned by the cleaning blade, so that residual toner on the drum surface is removed away and collected in the cleaning housing.

  • Page 34: Chapter Iii Disassembly And Reassembly

    CHAPTER III DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS To prevent the creation of secondary problems by mishandling, be careful about the following precautions during maintenance work. (1) Always turn off the power before replacing parts or units. When accessing the power supply PCB or components, be sure to unplug the power cord from the power outlet.

  • Page 35: Disassembling Flow

    DISASSEMBLING FLOW III - 2...

  • Page 36: Disassembling Procedure

    DISASSEMBLING PROCEDURE Multi-purpose Paper Tray (1) Lift the multi-purpose paper tray upward to remove it. Multi-purpose paper tray Fig. 3.1 Process unit (1) Open the top cover. (2) Release the locks of the upper shoot cover and open it out toward the front of the printer. (3) Lift out the process unit.

  • Page 37: Top Cover

    Top Cover (1) Open the top cover to the first lock position. (2) Prize up the top cover link and free it from the dowel on the top cover to release it inward. (3) Press the link downward. Top cover Dowel on top cover Top cover link (4) Open the top cover further, release the catch of the right side by lifting the top cover upward...

  • Page 38: Main Cover

    Main Cover (1) Remove the four screws securing the main cover. (2) Release the catch on the bottom of the front face of the main cover and lift the main cover upward. Main cover Switch key holes Panel light guide Switch keys Fig.

  • Page 39: Upper Shoot Cover

    Upper Shoot Cover (1) Open the upper shoot cover (2) Push down the release link and release it from the dowel on the fixing unit. (3) Release the locks on the upper shoot cover, then remove the upper shoot cover from the frame by sliding it to the left.

  • Page 40: Scanner Unit

    Scanner Unit (1) Disconnect the two connectors of the scanner unit from the driver PCB (Refer to 3.19). (2) Remove the four screws. (3) Lift out the scanner unit. Mirror Scanner unit Sponge Connectors Fig. 3.9 NOTE: Never touch the inside of the scanner unit or the mirror when disassembling or reassembling. If there is any garbage or dust on the mirror, blow it off.

  • Page 41: Interlock Levers

    Interlock Levers (1) Grease the contacting portions of the interlock levers on assembly. Grease Grease: MolyKote EM30L Grease Fig. 3.11 3.10 Fan Motor (1) Disconnect the connector from the driver PCB (Refer to 3.19). (2) Take off the fan motor. Y-BSMXL0.14 Tape Fan motor...

  • Page 42: Solenoid P

    3.12 Solenoid P (1) Pull out the solenoid P from the frame by releasing the hook of the solenoid lever. Solenoid lever Solenoid P Fig. 3.14 3.13 Gear Shaft Plate (1) Remove the seven screws securing the gear shaft plate. Gear shaft plate M4 screw NOTE: On re-assembly, run the registration sensor harness along the route shown in the figure...

  • Page 43: Gears

    3.14 Gears (1) Grease the metal gear shafts and gear surfaces on the specified portion illustrated below when reassembling. Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease Grease: MolyKote EM30L Fig. 3.16 III - 10...

  • Page 44: Main Motor Unit

    3.15 Main Motor Unit (1) Disconnect three connectors from the driver PCB (Refer to 3.19). (2) Remove two screws securing the main motor unit. Main motor unit Fig. 3.17 3.16 Solenoid C (1) Remove the spring of the solenoid C. (2) Remove the solenoid C.

  • Page 45: Main Pcb

    3.17 Main PCB (1) Remove three screws securing the main PCB holder on the back side of the printer. (2) Grasp the hooks at left and right and draw out the main PCB assembly. Rail Main PCB assy Screws Fig. 3.19 3.18 Base Plate NOTE: Prior to turning the printer upside-down, the multi-purpose tray assembly and process...
  • Page 46 NOTE: Install the grounding wire after fitting the base plate so that it does not contact the soldered side of the base plate. Grounding wire Grounding wire Power supply PCB Fig. 3.21 III - 13...

  • Page 47: Driver Pcb

    3.19 Driver PCB (1) Remove the two screws securing the driver PCB. (2) Disconnect the ten connectors from the PCB. Driver PCB Eject sensor (P11,White) Toner sensor (P12,White) Laser (P6,Black) Scanner motor (P7) HV harness (P8,White) Erase lamp (P10,Red) LV harness (P2,White) Registration sensor (P9,White) Fan motor (P4,White) Main motor (P3,Red)

  • Page 48: High-Voltage Power Supply

    3.21 High-voltage Power Supply (1) Remove the screw securing the high voltage power supply PCB. (2) Disconnect the two connectors from the PCB. High-voltage power supply High-voltage harness P CHG harness Fig. 3.24 3.22 Tray Extension (1) Pull the manual paper tray down toward the front of the printer. (2) Put the tray extension down toward the front of the printer, and press the bottom of its both side legs inward to release it.

  • Page 49: Paper Eject Tray

    3.23 Paper Eject Tray (1) Open the paper eject tray. (2) Press the both sides of hinges of the paper eject tray inward to release it from the dowels on the main cover. Main cover Paper eject tray Fig. 3.26 3.24 Filter Cover (1) Press down on the central part of the top of the filter cover and pull it out toward you to release...

  • Page 50: Packing

    PACKING Box, Manual Box, Drum Carton Fig. 3.28 III - 17...

  • Page 51: Chapter Iv Trouble Shooting

    CHAPTER IV TROUBLE SHOOTING INTRODUCTION Initial check (1) Operating environment Check if : The souce voltage stays within ±10% from the rating voltage shown on the rating plate. The printer is installed on a solid, level surface. The room temperature is maintained between 10°C and 32.5°C. The relative humidity is maintained between 20% and 80%.

  • Page 52: Basic Procedure

    If condensation has occured, wipe the effected units or parts with a dry cloth. If the process cartridge is unsealed soon after moved from a cold room to a warm room, condensation may occur inside the cartridge, which may cause incorrect image. Instruct the user to allow the cartridge to come to to room temperature before unsealoing it.

  • Page 53: Image Defects

    IMAGE DEFECTS Image Defect Example 1-1 Light 1-2 Dark 1-3 Completely blank 1-4 All black 1-5 Dirt back of paper 1-6 Black vertical streaks 1-6 Black and blurred 1-7 Black and blurred vertical stripes horizontal stripes 1-8 Dropout 1-9 White vertical streaks 1-10 Faulty 1-11 Poor fixing registration...

  • Page 54: Troubleshooting Image Defect

    Troubleshooting Image Defect Procedures to follow in response to specific image defects. Light Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Poor contrast Is the contrast adjustment dial in Set it to the center click the center of click position? position or reasonable position.
  • Page 55 Dark Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Contrast Is the contrast adjustment dial at Set it to the center click failure the center click position? position or reasonable position. Corona failure Is the corona wire soiled? Clean the corona wire. (soiled wire) Corona failure Are the corona electrodes between the printer...
  • Page 56 All black Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Corona failure Is the drum unit corona wire broken? Replace the drum unit. Are the charging terminal spring at the printer Clean the charging wire Ditto body side and the electrode on the bottom face at the both sides.
  • Page 57 Black vertical streaks Black and blurred vertical stripes Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Drum unit Is the vertical streak about 1 ~ 5 length Replace the drum unit. failure at 94mm internals? Soiling of the Is the paper tray or feed system on the drum Clean the toner off.
  • Page 58 Black and blurred horizontal stripes Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Scratch on the The horizontal stripes at 94 mm intervals? Replace the drum unit drum Toner stuck on The horizontal stripes at 45 mm intervals? Print several sheets and see the sleeve what happens.
  • Page 59 White vertical streaks Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Scanner soiling Is the window of scanner soiled? Clean the window with a dry tissue. Replace the tdrum unit as the transfer roller may be scratched. I-10 Faulty registration Possible cause Step Check Result...
  • Page 60 I-11 Poor fixing Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Printing paper Is thick paper more than 36 lb. being used? Instruct the user to use paper of the recommended thickness. Toner sensing Is the problem solved by replacing the drum The carrier of the developer failure unit or the toner cartridge?
  • Page 61 I-12 Image distortion Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Scanner Is the scanner unit secured to the frame Secure the unit normally with normally? the screws. Is there any play? Scanner LD Is the laser potion or the scanner motor Replace the scanner unit.

  • Page 62: Troubleshooting Of Malfunctions

    TROUBLESHOOTING OF MALFUNCTIONS When carrying out the countermeasures for malfunctions described in this section, make sure to check connectors for contact failure before measuring the voltage at specified connector pins. No AC power supplied Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Supply voltage Is the correct voltage present at the outlet? Inform the user that the correct...
  • Page 63 Main motor unrotated Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Connection Is the connection of connector P3 on the Reconnect the connector. failure of driver PCB correct? connector Main motor Disconnect connector P3 from the driver PCB. Replace the Main motor (M1) Measure the resistance between the connector J210 pins of the main motor by...
  • Page 64 Insufficient output from high-voltage power supply unit Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy High voltage Do any of the terminals on the high-voltage Clean the high-voltage contact. contact contact have soiling or contact burns? High-voltage Remove the main cover and measure the voltage Check the connection of the power supply at each of the high-voltage terminal plates at the...
  • Page 65 Scanner failure Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Harness Is the connection of the scanner motor Connect the connectors connection connector and connector P7 on the driver securely. failure PCB correct? Power supply Is the voltage between pins 5 (+24 VDC) and Check if +24 VDC is supplied input 4 (GND) of connector P7 on the driver PCB...
  • Page 66 Double feeding Possible cause Step Check Result Remedy Paper Is the paper of a recommended type used? Instruct the user to use the recommended types of paper. Separation pad Is the surface of the separation pad worn? Replace the multi-purpose tray.

  • Page 67: Inspection Mode

    INSPECTION MODE The following inspection modes are incorporated in the printer. Inspection Mode 1 When the power code is plugged into the outlet while holding down the FF/CONT button, the printer goes to the inspection mode. Immediately after entering this mode the ALARM LED starts to flash. Every time the FF/CONT button is pressed, LED flushing position passes on the next.
  • Page 68 ALARM LED Indicates the status of the paper eject sensor: ON : Paper exist on the paper eject part. OFF: No paper exist on the paper eject part. PAPER LED Indicates the status of the registration sensor: ON : The registration sensor is ON. OFF: The registration sensor is OFF.
  • Page 69 Inspection mode 2 When the power code is plugged into the outlet while holding down the SELECT button, the printer goes to the inspection mode 2. Immediately after entering this mode the ALARM LED starts to flash. Every time the FF/CONT button is pressed, LED flushing position passes on the next. The following inspection pattern are assigned to the respective LED.

  • Page 70: Error Codes

    Error codes In the event of a printer failure or a printer hang-up, the LEDs will alternate between all LED ON and displaying a specific combination of ON and OFF, which indicates the types of the failure. The types of failure and LED combinations are as follows. Type of failure MANUAL DATA...
  • Page 71 May '94 54U002NE0-HLXL Printed in Japan...

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