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2. OPERATION PRINCIPLES
2.1 CONTROL FUNCTIONS
The transformer tap changer controller controls manually or automatically the OLTC (transformer on load tap
changer), originating tap-up and tap-down commands, in order to keep the power supply voltage practically constant,
independently from the load.
In order to achieve this voltage regulation, the DTR uses two algorithms:
1. Comparing the measured voltage with the voltage setpoint.
2. Compensating the voltage dropouts generated by the load current by means of the calculation of the apparent
current. This calculation consists of subtracting from the measured voltage, a voltage proportional to the load
current, before the measured voltage is compared with the voltage setpoint.
The main characteristics of both algorithms are:
•
The variation of the measured voltage in relation to the voltage setpoint is provided with an Insensibility Degree
(ID). This ID is defined as the maximum admissible variation of the voltage before the DTR originates a
command to change the tap in the OLTC. This operation avoids the excessive wear of the OLTC contacts, with a
practically constant voltage at the same time.
•
If the difference between the measured voltage and the setpoint is greater than the Insensitivity Degree will be
corrected with a certain delay Operating Time (OT), so that:
•
If the difference lasts only for a short time (less than the Operation Time), the DTR system will not order
a tap change.
•
The voltage deviations will be regulated proportionally to the difference between the real value and the
setpoint value. The greater the deviation is, the sooner the DTR will operate.
The way of operation of both algorithms is the following:
1. If
|DV| > ID
Absolute value of the difference between the setpoint and the real voltage is greater than Insensitivity Degree
Then
An operation on the OLTC must be performed.
Otherwise
No operation will be produced on the OLTC
2. If
DV: Deviation between the real voltage and the setpoint is lower than zero
Then
There will be a tap-down operation
Otherwise
There will be a tap-up operation
GEK-106305A
2. OPERATION PRINCIPLES
DTR Digital Tap Changer Controller
2.1.1 REGULATION ALGORITHMS
7
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