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4.4 - exhibit Le (cont.)
4.4.2 - Water treatment
Absorption chillers use copper pipes to prevent corrosion due
to the use of fresh water (pipe material: JIS H 3300 C1201TS)
But there is a possibility of corrosion due to water pollution or
poor water quality.
Please follow the points below to prevent problems:
•
For chilled and cooling water refer to water quality
standard JRA GL-02-1994 (see below). If the water does
not comply with this standard, please contact a water
treatment specialist.
•
If coated steel pipe is used in the chilled and cooling water
lines, add corrosion inhibitor to the steel pipes and make
sure that the rust does not adhere to the copper pipes.
Please contact a water treatment specialist.
4.4.3 - Standard water quality values
Ref: JRA-GL-02-1994
pH (25°C)
Electrical conductivity 25°C
(mS/m)
Chroride ion
(mgCl
Sulphuric acid ion
(mgSo
Acid consumption (pH 4.8)
(mgCaCo
total hardness
(mgCaCo
Calcium hardness
(mgCaCo
Ion silica
(mgSio
Iron
(mgFe/l)
Copper
(mgCu/l)
Sulphide ion
(mgS
Ammonium ion
(mgNH
residual chlorine
(mgCl/l)
Free carbon dioxide
(mgCo
ryzner stability index (rSI)
pH (25°C)
Electrical conductivity 25°C
(mS/m)
Chroride ion
(mgCl
Sulphuric acid ion
(mgSo
Acid consumption (pH 4.8)
(mgCaCo
total hardness
(mgCaCo
Calcium hardness
(mgCaCo
Ion silica
(mgSio
Iron
(mgFe/l)
Copper
(mgCu/l)
Sulphide ion
(mgS
Ammonium ion
(mgNH
residual chlorine
(mgCl/l)
Free carbon dioxide
(mgCo
ryzner stability index (rSI)
Cooling water systems
recirculating
Make-up water
water
6.5 - 8.2
6.0 - 8.0
below 80
below 30
-
/l)
below 200
below 50
/l)
below 200
below 50
2-
4
/l)
below 100
below 50
3
/l)
below 200
below 70
3
/l)
below 150
below 50
3
/l)
below 50
below 30
2
below 1.0
below 0.3
below 0.3
below 0.1
/l)
Not detected
Not detected
2-
/l)
below 1.0
below 0.1
+
4
below 0.3
below 0.3
/l)
below 4.0
below 4.0
2
6.0 - 7.0
***
Hot-water systems
Lower level (20-60°C)
recirculating
Make-up water
water
7.0 - 8.0
7.0 - 8.0
below 30
below 30
/l)
below 50
below 50
-
2-
/l)
below 50
below 50
4
/l)
below 50
below 50
3
/l)
below 70
below 70
3
/l)
below 50
below 50
3
/l)
below 30
below 30
2
below 1.0
below 0.3
below 1.0
below 0.1
2-
/l)
Not detected
Not detected
+
/l)
below 0.3
below 0.1
4
below 0.25
below 0.3
/l)
below 0.4
below 4.0
2
6.0 - 7.0
***
If corrosive gas exists near the cooling tower, the corrosive
components can dissolve into the cooling water. Please ensure
that it is not located near a source of corrosive gas.
If a heat storage tank is used in the chilled water line, pipe
corrosion may occasionally occur due to dissolved oxygen or
rust in the tank. In this case install a heat exchanger between
chiller and tank, or contact a water treatment specialist.
If the pipes are flushed before commissioning ensure that no
foreign materials get into the chiller. Always flush the pipes
using the bypass piping for the chiller.
If the chiller is installed in an existing system, rust in the
existing pipes may prevent the formation of the corrosion-
inhibiting film in the pipe. Contact a water treatment specialist.
Chilled water systems
once-through
recirculating
Make-up water
water
water < 20°C
6.8 - 8.0
6.8 - 8.0
6.8 - 8.0
below 40
below 40
below 30
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 70
below 70
below 70
below 50
below 50
below 50
below 30
below 30
below 30
below 1.0
below 1.0
below 0.3
below 1.0
below 1.0
below 0.1
Not detected
Not detected
Not detected
below 1.0
below 1.0
below 0.1
below 0.3
below 0.3
below 0.3
below 4.0
below 4.0
below 4.0
***
***
***
tendency
Higher level (60-90°C)
Corrosive
recirculating
Make-up water
water
7.0 - 8.0
7.0 - 8.0
X
below 30
below 30
X
below 30
below 30
X
below 30
below 30
X
below 50
below 50
below 70
below 70
below 50
below 50
below 30
below 30
below 1.0
below 0.3
X
below 1.0
below 0.1
X
Not detected
Not detected
X
below 0.1
below 0.1
X
below 0.1
below 0.3
X
below 0.4
below 1.0
X
***
***
X
tendency
Corrosive
scale-forming
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
scale-forming
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
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