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ABB REG670 Applications Manual

Relion 670 series generator protection
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Table of Contents

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See also: Operator's Manual , Commissioning Manual
—
R E L I O N ® 670 SERIES
Generator protection REG670
Version 2.2 IEC
Application manual

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Summary of Contents for ABB REG670

  • Page 1 — R E L I O N ® 670 SERIES Generator protection REG670 Version 2.2 IEC Application manual...
  • Page 3 Document ID: 1MRK 502 071-UEN Issued: May 2017 Revision: - Product version: 2.2 © Copyright 2017 ABB. All rights reserved...
  • Page 4 Copyright This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.
  • Page 5 In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this manual or the application of the equipment.
  • Page 6 (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Examples on how to connect, configure and set CT inputs for most commonly used CT connections......70 Example on how to connect a star connected three-phase CT set to the IED..............71 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 8 Operation principle..............110 Frequency reporting............. 111 Reporting filters..............113 Scaling Factors for ANALOGREPORT channels....114 PMU Report Function Blocks Connection Rules in PCM600 Application Configuration Tool (ACT)....115 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 9 T-feeder protection............... 159 Tertiary reactor protection............ 162 Restricted earth fault protection........... 165 Alarm level operation............166 Generator differential protection GENPDIF ........167 Identification................167 Application................. 168 Setting guidelines..............169 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 10 Tapped line application............200 Setting guidelines..............203 General.................203 Setting of zone 1..............203 Setting of overreaching zone..........203 Setting of reverse zone............204 Setting of zones for parallel line application......205 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 11 Pole slip protection PSPPPAM ............261 Identification................262 Application................. 262 Setting guidelines..............265 Setting example for line application........267 Setting example for generator application......271 Out-of-step protection OOSPPAM ..........275 Identification................275 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 12 Load encroachment..............315 Under voltage seal-in............316 Rotor earth fault protection using CVGAPC........317 Section 9 Current protection............319 Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection PHPIOC ....319 Identification................319 Application................. 319 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 13 Thermal overload protection, two time constants TRPTTR ... 366 Identification................367 Application................. 367 Setting guideline................ 368 Breaker failure protection CCRBRF..........370 Identification................370 Application................. 370 Setting guidelines..............371 Pole discordance protection CCPDSC........... 374 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 14 General settings..............398 Overcurrent protection with undervoltage seal-in....399 Generator stator overload protection GSPTTR ......399 Identification................400 Application................. 400 Generator rotor overload protection GRPTTR .......400 Identification................400 Application................. 400 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 15 Settings for two step residual overvoltage protection...417 Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH ..........419 Identification................419 Application................. 419 Setting guidelines..............421 Recommendations for input and output signals....421 Settings................422 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 16 Inadvertent generator energization........450 Setting guidelines..............451 Directional negative sequence overcurrent protection..451 Negative sequence overcurrent protection......453 Generator stator overload protection in accordance with IEC or ANSI standards............455 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 17 Negative sequence based............474 Zero sequence based............475 Delta U and delta I ...............475 Dead line detection...............476 Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC..........476 Identification................476 Application................. 477 Setting guidelines..............478 Section 15 Control................479 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 18 Interlocking for line bay ABC_LINE .......... 515 Application................515 Signals from bypass busbar..........516 Signals from bus-coupler............517 Configuration setting............519 Interlocking for bus-coupler bay ABC_BC ........ 520 Application................521 Configuration................ 521 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 19 Identification................590 Application................. 591 Setting guidelines..............591 Selector mini switch VSGAPC............591 Identification................592 Application................. 592 Setting guidelines..............592 Generic communication function for Double Point indication DPGAPC..................593 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 20 Setting guidelines..............607 Logic for group alarm WRNCALH..........607 Identification................607 Application................607 Setting guidelines..............607 Logic for group indication INDCALH..........607 Identification................607 Application................608 Setting guidelines..............608 Configurable logic blocks..............608 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 21 Setting guidelines..............618 Setting example.................618 Comparator for real inputs - REALCOMP........619 Identification................619 Application................. 619 Setting guidelines..............619 Setting example.................620 Section 17 Monitoring..............623 Measurement..................623 Identification................623 Application................. 623 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 22 Identification................651 Application................. 651 Setting guidelines..............651 Running hour-meter TEILGAPC.............652 Identification................652 Application................. 652 Setting guidelines..............652 Estimation of transformer insulation life LOLSPTR ....... 652 Application................. 652 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 23 Receiving data..............684 IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication protocol......685 Introduction................685 Setting guidelines..............687 Specific settings related to the IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication..............688 Loss of communication when used with LDCM....688 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 24 Change lock CHNGLCK..............720 Application................. 720 Denial of service SCHLCCH/RCHLCCH ........721 Application................. 721 Setting guidelines..............721 Section 23 Basic IED functions............723 IED identifiers TERMINALID............723 Application................. 723 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 25 Setting guidelines..............730 Test mode functionality TESTMODE..........736 Application................. 736 IEC 61850 protocol test mode..........736 Setting guidelines..............737 Time synchronization TIMESYNCHGEN........737 Application................. 737 Setting guidelines..............739 System time................739 Synchronization..............739 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 26 Sample specification of communication requirements for the protection and control terminals in digital telecommunication networks..................759 IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE Merging unit requirements ....... 760 Section 25 Glossary............... 763 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 27: Section 1 Introduction

    The protection and control engineer must be experienced in electrical power engineering and have knowledge of related technology, such as protection schemes and communication principles. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 28: Product Documentation

    The manual provides procedures for the checking of external circuitry and energizing the IED, parameter setting and configuration as Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 29: Document Revision History

    Document numbers Application manual 1MRK 502 071-UEN Commissioning manual 1MRK 502 073-UEN Product guide 1MRK 502 074-BEN Technical manual 1MRK 502 072-UEN Type test certificate 1MRK 502 074-TEN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 30: Document Symbols And Conventions

    The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 31: Document Conventions

    -int is added to the signal name to indicate where the signal starts and continues. • Signal paths that extend beyond the logic diagram and continue in another diagram have the suffix ”-cont.” Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 32: Iec 61850 Edition 1 / Edition 2 Mapping

    BFPTRC BFPTRC_F09 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F10 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F11 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F12 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F13 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F14 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F15 BFPTRC BFPTRC Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 33 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B16 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B17 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B18 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B19 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B20 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B21 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B22 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 34 HOLPTOV HOLPTOV HPH1PTOV HPH1PTOV PH3PTOC PH3PTUC PH3PTUC PH3PTOC RP3PDOP RP3PDOP CCPDSC CCRPLD CCPDSC CCRBRF CCRBRF CCRBRF CCRWRBRF CCRWRBRF CCRWRBRF CCSRBRF CCSRBRF CCSRBRF Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 35 FTAQFVR FTAQFVR FUFSPVC SDDRFUF FUFSPVC SDDSPVC GENPDIF GENPDIF GENGAPC GENPDIF GENPHAR GENPTRC GOPPDOP GOPPDOP GOPPDOP PH1PTRC GRPTTR GRPTTR GRPTTR GSPTTR GSPTTR GSPTTR Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 36 LFPTTR LFPTTR LMBRFLO LMBRFLO LMBRFLO LOLSPTR LOLSPTR LOLSPTR LOVPTUV LOVPTUV LOVPTUV LPHD LPHD LPTTR LPTTR LPTTR LT3CPDIF LT3CPDIF LT3CGAPC LT3CPDIF LT3CPHAR LT3CPTRC Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 37 ROTIPHIZ ROTIPHIZ ROTIPHIZ ROTIPTRC ROV2PTOV GEN2LLN0 PH1PTRC PH1PTRC ROV2PTOV ROV2PTOV SAPFRC SAPFRC SAPFRC SAPTOF SAPTOF SAPTOF SAPTUF SAPTUF SAPTUF SCCVPTOC SCCVPTOC SCCVPTOC Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 38 TEIGAPC TEIGGIO TEIGAPC TEIGGIO TEILGAPC TEILGGIO TEILGAPC TMAGAPC TMAGGIO TMAGAPC TPPIOC TPPIOC TPPIOC TR1ATCC TR1ATCC TR1ATCC TR8ATCC TR8ATCC TR8ATCC TRPTTR TRPTTR TRPTTR Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 39 ZMFPTRC ZMFPTRC ZMMMXU ZMMMXU ZMHPDIS ZMHPDIS ZMHPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 40 Section 1 1MRK 502 071-UEN - Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 41: Section 2 Application

    IED. In typical applications two IED units can provide total functionality, also providing a high degree of redundancy. REG670 can as well be used for protection and control of shunt reactors.
  • Page 42 IED to the customers' system and standard solution. Communication via optical connections ensures immunity against disturbances. By using patented algorithm REG670 (or any other product from 670 series) can track the power system frequency in quite wide range from 9Hz to 95Hz (for 50Hz power system).
  • Page 43 This will effectively force voltages at the machine terminal to zero and effectively disabled voltage based frequency tracking in REG670. Similar logic as described for pump-storage scheme above can be used.
  • Page 44 CV MMXU UN> ROV2 PTOV REG 670 2.0 IEC11000201-2-en.vsd IEC11000201 V2 EN Figure 2: Generator protection application with generator differential, 100% stator earth fault and back-up protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 45 REG 670 2.0 IEC11000204-2-en.vsd IEC11000204 V2 EN Figure 3: Generator protection application for generator with split winding including generator phase differential, 100% stator earth fault and back-up protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 46 IEC11000206 V2 EN Figure 4: Generator protection application for generator with split winding including generator phase differential, generator split-phase differential, 100% stator earth fault and back-up protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 47 IEC11000202-2-en.vsd IEC11000202 V2 EN Figure 5: Unit protection application with overall differential, generator differential, 100% stator earth fault and back-up protection. Stator winding grounded via grounding transformer. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 48 IEC11000203 V2 EN Figure 6: Unit protection application with overall differential, unit transformer differential, generator differential, 100% stator earth fault and back- up protection. Ungrounded stator winding. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 49 The following tables list all the functions available in the IED. Those functions that are not exposed to the user or do not need to be configured are not described in this manual. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 50: Main Protection Functions

    Sensitive rotor earth fault protection, 1-B31 1-B31 1-B31 injection based STTIPHIZ 100% stator earth fault protection, 1-B32 1-B32 1-B32 injection based ZGVPDIS Underimpedance protection for 0–2 generators and transformers Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 51: Back-Up Protection Functions

    1-C38 Voltage protection UV2PTUV Two step undervoltage protection OV2PTOV Two step overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV Two step residual overvoltage protection OEXPVPH Overexcitation protection Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 52: Control And Monitoring Functions

    1-H39 1-H39 1-H39 max 30 objects (6CBs), including interlocking (see Table 4) QCBAY Bay control 1+5/APC30 1+5/ 1+5/ 1+5/ APC3 APC3 APC3 Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 53 Fuse failure supervision based on 1-G03 1-G03 1-G03 voltage difference Logic SMPPTRC Tripping logic SMAGAPC General start matrix block STARTCOMB Start combinator TMAGAPC Trip matrix logic Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 54 Delay on timer with input signal integration TEIGAPC Elapsed time integrator with limit transgression and overflow supervision INTCOMP Comparator for integer inputs REALCOMP Comparator for real inputs Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 55 Evaluation of position indication QCBAY Bay control LOCREM Handling of LR-switch positions XLNPROXY Proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE GOOSEXLNRCV GOOSE function block to receive a switching device Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 56 Function description Generator function name REG670 (Customized) Monitoring CVMMXN Power system measurement CMMXU Current measurement VMMXU Voltage measurement phase-phase CMSQI Current sequence measurement Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 57 Supervison status for IEC 60870-5-103 I103USRDEF Status for user defined signals for IEC 60870-5-103 L4UFCNT Event counter with limit supervision TEILGAPC Running hour meter Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 58: Communication

    IEC 61850 GOOSEINTLKRCV Horizontal communication via GOOSE for interlocking GOOSEBINRCV GOOSE binary receive GOOSEDPRCV GOOSE function block to receive a double point value Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 59 3PHSUM PMUSTATUS Precision time protocol FRONTSTATUS Access point diagnostic for front Ethernet port SCHLCCH Access point diagnostic for non- redundant Ethernet port Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 60 Protocol reporting of binary data via IEEE 1344 and C37.118, binary 1-8 SMAI1–SMAI12 Signal matrix for analog inputs 3PHSUM Summation block 3 phase PMUSTATUS Diagnostics for C37.118 2011 and IEEE1344 protocol Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 61: Basic Ied Functions

    ATHCHCK Authority check AUTHMAN Authority management FTPACCS FTP access with password GBASVAL Global base values for settings ALTMS Time master supervision ALTIM Time management COMSTATUS Protocol diagnostic Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 62 General LED indication part for LHMI OPENCLOSE_LED LHMI LEDs for open and close keys GRP1_LED1– Basic part for CP HW LED indication module GRP1_LED15 GRP2_LED1– GRP2_LED15 GRP3_LED1– GRP3_LED15 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 63: Section 3 Configuration

    Description of configuration A20 REG670 A20 configuration is used in applications where only generator protection within one IED is required. REG670 A20 is always delivered in 1/2 of 19" case size. Thus only 12 analogue inputs are available. This configuration includes generator low impedance, differential protection and all other typically required generator protection functions.

  • Page 64: Description Of Configuration B30

    REG670 B30 configuration is used in applications where generator protection and backup protection for surrounding primary equipment within one IED is required. REG670 B30 is always delivered in 1/1 of 19" case size. Thus 24 analogue inputs are available. This configuration includes generator low impedance, differential protection and all other typically required generator protection functions.
  • Page 65 (that is overall) differential protection. Note that REG670 B30 must be re-configured if any additional or optional functions are used.

  • Page 66: Description Of Configuration C30

    Description of configuration C30 REG670 C30 configuration is used in applications where generator-transformer block protection within one IED is required. REG670 C30 is always delivered in 1/1 of 19" case size. Thus 24 analog inputs are available. This configuration includes generator Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062...
  • Page 67 Multipurpose protection functions, Synchrocheck function, second generator differential protection function, and so on. Note that REG670 C30 must be re-configured if any additional or optional functions are used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062...
  • Page 68 Unit protection including generator and generator transformer protection with 24 analog inputs in full 19" case size. Optional pole slip protection and 100% stator earthfault protection can be added. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 69: Section 4 Analog Inputs

    All phase angles are calculated in relation to a defined reference. An appropriate analog input channel is selected and used as phase reference. The parameter PhaseAngleRef defines the analog channel that is used as phase angle reference. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 70: Example

    ToObject, a positive quantities always flowing towards the protected object and a direction defined as Forward always is looking towards the protected object. The following examples show the principle. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 71: Example 1

    Forward. This means that the protection is looking towards the line. 4.2.2.2 Example 2 Two IEDs used for protection of two objects and sharing a CT. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 72: Example 3

    CT that is feeding the two IEDs. With these settings, the directional functions of the line protection shall be set to Forward to look towards the line. 4.2.2.3 Example 3 One IED used to protect two objects. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 73 CT direction for the current channels to the line protection is set with the line as reference object and the directional functions of the line protection shall be set to Forward to protect the line. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 74 Transformer as reference object. reference object. Correct setting is Correct setting is "ToObject" "ToObject" IEC05000462 V2 EN Figure 15: Example how to set CTStarPoint parameters in the IED Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 75 CT inputs marked with 2 in Figure 16, set CTStarPoint = ToObject. Regardless which one of the above two options is selected, busbar differential protection will behave correctly. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 76: Examples On How To Connect, Configure And Set Ct Inputs For Most Commonly Used Ct Connections

    It shall be noted that depending on national standard and utility practices, the rated secondary current of a CT has typically one of the following values: • • Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 77: Example On How To Connect A Star Connected Three-Phase Ct Set To The Ied

    IED as well. For correct terminal designations, see the connection diagrams valid for the delivered IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 78 (CTStarPoint=ToObject) as set in this example causes no change on the measured currents. In other words, currents are already measured towards the protected object. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 79 GRPL3. If GRP2N is connected, the data reflects the measured value of GRP2N. Another alternative is to have the star point of the three-phase CT set as shown in Figure 19: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 80 IED. A third alternative is to have the residual/neutral current from the three-phase CT set connected to the IED as shown in Figure 19. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 81 6). Depending on the type of functions, which need this current information, more than one preprocessing block might be connected in parallel to these three CT inputs. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 82 IED as well. For correct terminal designations, see the connection diagrams valid for the delivered IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 83 Analog inputs IL1-IL2 SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P IL2-IL3 REVROT ^GRP2L1 IL3-IL1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 ^GRP2N IEC11000027-3-en.vsdx Protected Object IEC11000027 V3 EN Figure 21: Delta DAB connected three-phase CT set Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 84 IEDs installed in the generating stations) then the setting parameters set accordingly. Another alternative is to have the delta connected CT set as shown in figure 22: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 85: Example How To Connect Single-Phase Ct To The Ied

    IED as well. For correct terminal designations, see the connection diagrams valid for the delivered IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 86: Relationships Between Setting Parameter Base Current, Ct Rated Primary Current And Minimum Pickup Of A Protection Ied

    Base Current (i.e. IBase setting in the IED) used by the relevant protection function, shall always be set equal to the largest rated CT Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 87: Setting Of Voltage Channels

    Example Consider a VT with the following data: (Equation 1) EQUATION2016 V1 EN The following setting should be used: VTprim=132 (value in kV) VTsec=110 (value in V) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 88: Examples How To Connect, Configure And Set Vt Inputs For Most Commonly Used Vt Connections

    IED. It gives an overview of required actions by the user in order to make this measurement available to the built-in protection and control functions within the IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 89 IEC06000599 V4 EN Figure 25: A Three phase-to-earth connected VT SMAI2 BLOCK AI2P ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L1L2 ^GRP2N IEC16000140-1-en.vsdx IEC16000140 V1 EN Figure 26: A two phase-to-earth connected VT Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 90: Example On How To Connect A Phase-To-Phase Connected Vt To The Ied

    IED. It shall be noted that this VT connection is only used on lower voltage levels (that is, rated primary voltage below 40 kV). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 91 VTprim =13.8 kV VTsec =120 V Please note that inside the IED only ratio of these two parameters is used. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 92: Example On How To Connect An Open Delta Vt To The Ied For High Impedance Earthed Or Unearthed Networks

    IED as well. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 93 # Not Used ^GRP2L2 # Not Used ^GRP2L3 # Not Used ^GRP2N +3Uo IEC06000601-4-en.vsdx IEC06000601 V4 EN Figure 28: Open delta connected VT in high impedance earthed power system Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 94 If frequency tracking and compensation is required (this feature is typically required only DFTReference for IEDs installed in the generating stations ) then the setting parameters shall be set accordingly. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 95: Example How To Connect The Open Delta Vt To The Ied For Low Impedance Earthed Or Solidly Earthed Power Systems

    # Not Used ^GRP2L2 # Not Used ^GRP2L3 +3Uo ^GRP2N IEC06000602-4-en.vsdx IEC06000602 V4 EN Figure 29: Open delta connected VT in low impedance or solidly earthed power system Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 96: Example On How To Connect A Neutral Point Vt To The Ied

    VT to the IED. This type of VT connection presents secondary voltage proportional to U to the IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 97 SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P REVROT # Not Used ^GRP2L1 # Not Used ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 # Not Used ^GRP2N IEC06000603-4-en.vsdx IEC06000603 V4 EN Figure 30: Neutral point connected VT Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 98 If frequency tracking and compensation is required (this feature is typically required only for DFTReference shall be IEDs installed in the generating stations) then the setting parameters set accordingly. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 99: Section 5 Local Hmi

    Figure 31: Local human-machine interface The LHMI of the IED contains the following elements: • Keypad • Display (LCD) • LED indicators • Communication port for PCM600 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 100: Display

    The function key button panel shows on request what actions are possible with the function buttons. Each function button has a LED indication that can be used as a Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 101 Multipage button. Pressing the ESC button clears the panel from the display. Both panels have a dynamic width that depends on the label string length. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 102: Leds

    OPENCLOSE_LED function block. For instance, OPENCLOSE_LED can be connected to a circuit breaker to indicate the breaker open/close status on the LEDs. IEC16000076-1-en.vsd IEC16000076 V1 EN Figure 35: OPENCLOSE_LED connected to SXCBR Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 103: Keypad

    The keypad also contains programmable push-buttons that can be configured either as menu shortcut or control buttons. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 104 LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command push- buttons and RJ-45 communication port 1...5 Function button Close Open Escape Left Down Right Enter Remote/Local Uplink LED Not in use Multipage Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 105: Local Hmi Functionality

    The blocking of functions through the IEC61850 protocol can be reset in Main menu/Test/Reset IEC61850 Mod. The yellow LED changes to either On or Off state depending on the state of operation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 106: Parameter Management

    Numerical values are presented either in integer or in decimal format with minimum and maximum values. Character strings can be edited character by character. Enumerated values have a predefined set of selectable values. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 107: Front Communication

    Do not connect the IED front port to a LAN. Connect only a single local PC with PCM600 to the front port. It is only intended for temporary use, such as commissioning and testing. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 109: C37.118 Phasor Measurement Data Streaming Protocol Configuration Pmuconf

    PMUREPORT instance for each UDP channel is defined by the user in the PMU and the client has to know the PMU ID corresponding to that instance in order to be Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 110: Short Guidance For Use Of Tcp

    IED over IEEE1344 protocol using the selected TCP port defined in 1344TCPport, and can communicate with the IED over IEEE C37.118 protocol using the selected TCP port number in C37.118TCPport. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 111: Short Guidance For Use Of Udp

    PMUReportUDP[x] – Instance number of PMUREPORT function block that must send data on this UDP stream (UDP client group[x]) UDPDestAddres[x] – UDP destination address for UDP client group[x] (unicast / multicast address range) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 112 UDP data will be only sent to that specific unicast IP address. In addition to UDPDestAddress[x] parameter, UDPDestPort[x] parameter is used to define the UDP destination port number for UDP client group[x]. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 113: Protocol Reporting Via Ieee 1344 And C37.118 Pmureport

    There are settings for Phasor type (positive sequence, negative sequence or zero sequence in case of 3-phase phasor and L1, L2 or L3 in case of single phase phasor), Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 114 PHASORREPORT blocks including 32 configurable phasor channels (8 phasor channels in each PHASORREPORT block). Each phasor channel can be configured as a 3-phase (symmetrical components positive/negative/zero) or single-phase phasor (L1/L2/L3). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 115 BINARYREPORT blocks capable of reporting up to 24 Binary signals (8 Binary signals in each BINARYREPORT block). These binary signals can be for example dis-connector or breaker position indications or internal/external protection alarm signals. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 116: Operation Principle

    The IEEE C37.118 standard also imposes a variety of steady state and dynamic requirements which are fulfilled in the IED with the help of high accuracy measurements and advanced filtering techniques. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 117: Frequency Reporting

    IED. Then IED can adapt its filtering algorithm in order to properly measure phasors of all current and voltage signals connected to the IED. This Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 118 Type Values (Range) Unit Description TIMESTAT BOOLEAN 1=Ready Time synchronization 0=Fail status FREQ REAL Frequency FREQGRAD REAL Rate of change of frequency Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 119: Reporting Filters

    C37.118, where the passband is defined relative to a fixed nominal frequency as shown in the equation 15. ± (Equation 15) IECEQUATION2418 V1 EN where, is the nominal frequency is the reporting rate Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 120: Scaling Factors For Analogreport Channels

    CFG-2. The following examples show how the scale factor is calculated. Example 1: AnalogXRange = 3277.0 IECEQUATION2446 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 121: Pmu Report Function Blocks Connection Rules In Pcm600 Application Configuration Tool (Act)

    There are 3 important general rules which have to be considered in PCM600 ACT for the connection of preprocessor blocks (SMAI) and 3PHSUM blocks to PHASORREPORT blocks: Rule 1: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 122 PHASORREPORT blocks have similar settings for SvcClass and ReportRate. Figure shows the settings for PMUREPORT function block demonstrated by PCM600 Parameter Setting Tool (PST). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 123 PHASORREPORT blocks have similar settings for SvcClass and ReportRate. If settings for PMUREPORT instances differ for SvcClass or ReportRate, then PHASOR1 connection in PHASORREPORT1 instance 2 will not Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 124 PHASORREPORT blocks in ACT where SMAI3 is configured as the reference block for DFT reference external out (DFTRefExtOut) and 3PHSUM uses external DFT reference (from SMAI3). Figures show the corresponding setting parameters. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 125 An example of correct connection of 3PHSUM and PHASORREPORT blocks in ACT IEC140000130-1-en.vsd IEC140000130 V1 EN Figure 50: SMAI1 setting parameters example-showing that SMAI3 is selected as the DFT reference (DFTRefGrp3) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 126 (SvcClass) and reporting rate of the connected instance of PHASORREPORT function block. On the other hand, when 3PHSUM uses external DFT reference, it also adapts its filtering according to the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 127: Setting Guidelines

    Setting guidelines Based on the functionality and appearance in PCM600, the PMU reporting functionality is categorized into 4 different categories (function block) as follows: PMUREPORT PHASORREPORT ANALOGREPORT BINARYREPORT Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 128 Here the user can select the data type of the calculated synchrophasors. The options are Integer or Float data. The synchrophasor data are sent via the PHASORS field of data frame organization of IEEE Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 129 +327.67 Hz per second. Integer data type for ROCOF data represents 16-bit signed integers, range –32 767 to +32 767 32, and Float data type represents actual value in IEEE floating-point format. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 130 PhasorX: The group selector for PhasorX. Here, the user can select the type of reported synchrophasor from the phasor channel X as either a 3-phase symmetrical component or a single-phase phasor. The options are as follows: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 131 ANUNIT field of the configuration frames 1, 2 organization defined in IEEE C37.118.2 message format. The options are Single point-on-wave, RMS of analog input and Peak of analog input. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 133: Transformer Differential Protection T2Wpdif And T3Wpdif

    For this reason it is important that the differential protection has a high level of sensitivity and that it is possible to use a sensitive setting without causing unwanted operations during external faults. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 134: Setting Guidelines

    However, it has been found that if the bias current is defined as the highest power transformer current this will reflect the difficulties met by the current transformers much better. The differential protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 135 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 136 IdUnre = 1.75pu The overall operating characteristic of the transformer differential protection is shown in figure 53. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 137: Elimination Of Zero Sequence Currents

    This is the case when zero sequence current cannot be properly transformed to the other side of the power transformer. Power transformer Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 138: Inrush Restraint Methods

    V/Hz to achieve a trip before the core thermal limit is reached. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 139: Cross-Blocking Between Phases

    60 degrees. The default setting 60 degrees somewhat favors security in comparison to dependability. If the user has no well-justified reason for another value, 60 degrees shall be applied. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 140 If any comparison indicates an internal fault, then it is an internal fault. • If any comparison indicates an external fault, then it is an external fault Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 141: On-Line Compensation For On-Load Tap-Changer Position

    10% of base current). Set the time delay defined by parameter tAlarmDelay two times longer than the on-load tap-changer mechanical operating time (For example, typical setting value 10s). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 142: Open Ct Detection

    Setting example 7.1.4.1 Introduction Differential protection for power transformers has been used for decades. In order to correctly apply transformer differential protection proper compensation is needed for: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 143: Typical Main Ct Connections For Transformer Differential Protection

    Typical main CT connections for transformer differential protection Three most typical main CT connections used for transformer differential protection are shown in figure 54. It is assumed that the primary phase sequence is L1-L2-L3. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 144 ToObject. It shall be noted that delta DAC connected main CTs must be connected exactly as shown in figure 54. For delta DAB connected main CTs, secondary currents fed to the IED: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 145: Application Examples

    Example 1: Star-delta connected power transformer without on-load tap-changer Single line diagrams for two possible solutions for such type of power transformer with all relevant application data are given in figure 55. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 146 3. For star connected CTs make sure how they are stared (that is, earthed) to/from protected transformer. 4. Enter the following settings for all three CT input channels used for the LV side CTs see table 15. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 147 GlobalBaseSelW3) / sqrt(3) ConnectTypeW1 STAR (Y) STAR (Y) ConnectTypeW2 delta=d star=y ClockNumberW2 1 [30 deg lag] 0 [0 deg] ZSCurrSubtrW1 ZSCurrSubtrW2 TconfigForW1 TconfigForW2 Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 148 30° in anti-clockwise direction. Thus, the DAB CT delta connection (see figure 56) must be used for 24.9 kV CTs in order to put 115 kV & 24.9 kV currents in phase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 149 2 (delta connected CT) RatedVoltageW1 115 kV 115 kV Rated VoltageW2 24.9 kV 24.9 kV RatedCurrentW1 301 A 301 A RatedCurrentW2 1391 A 1391 A Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 150 110±11×1.5% /36.75/(10.5) kV YNyn0(d5) YNyn0(d5) CT 500/5 CT 500/5 in Delta Star (DAB) en06000558.vsd IEC06000558 V1 EN Figure 57: Two differential protection solutions for star-star connected transformer. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 151 Setting parameter Selected value for both Solution 1 Selected value for both Solution 2 (star connected) (delta connected) CTprim (Equation 20) EQUATION1892 V1 EN CTsec CTStarPoint ToObject ToObject Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 152: Summary And Conclusions

    The zero sequence current is eliminated by the main CT delta connections. Thus on sides where CTs are connected in delta the zero sequence current elimination shall be set to Off in the IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 153 IEC06000559 V1 EN Dyn1 DAB/Yy0 IEC06000560 V1 EN YNd11 DAB/Yy0 IEC06000561 V1 EN Dyn11 DAC/Yy0 IEC06000562 V1 EN YNd5 DAB/Yy6 IEC06000563 V1 EN Dyn5 DAC/Yy6 IEC06000564 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 154: High Impedance Differential Protection, Single Phase Hzpdif

    Restricted earth fault protection for transformer, generator and shunt reactor windings • Restricted earth fault protection The application is dependent on the primary system arrangements and location of breakers, available CT cores and so on. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 155 Section 7 1MRK 502 071-UEN - Differential protection 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id IEC05000163-4-en.vsd IEC05000163 V4 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 156: The Basics Of The High Impedance Principle

    Otherwise any flash-over in CT secondary circuits or any other part of the scheme may prevent correct operation of the high impedance differential relay for an actual internal fault. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 157 CT is the current transformer secondary winding resistance and is the maximum loop resistance of the circuit at any CT. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 158 1 U>Trip ohms ohms 20 V 0.040 A 40 V 1000 0.040 A 60 V 1500 0.040 A 0.100 A Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 159 Metrosil and resistor currents are resistive). The current measurement is insensitive to DC component in fault current to allow the use of only the AC components of the fault current in the above calculations. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 160 /SeriesResistor should always be lower than 200 W to allow continuous activation during testing. If this value is exceeded, testing should be done with a transient faults. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 161 Through load situation b) Through fault situation c) Internal faults IEC05000427-2-en.vsd IEC05000427 V2 EN Figure 60: The high impedance principle for one phase with two current transformer inputs Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 162: Connection Examples For High Impedance Differential Protection

    L2 (B) CT 1200/1 L1 (A) Star/Wye Connected 3-Ph Plate with Metrosils and Resistors IEC07000193-5-en.vsdx IEC07000193 V5 EN Figure 61: CT connections for high impedance differential protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 163: Connections For 1Ph High Impedance Differential Protection Hzpdif

    Restricted earth fault protection is a typical application for 1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF. Typical CT connections for the high impedance based protection scheme are shown in figure 62. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 164: Setting Guidelines

    Setting guidelines The setting calculations are individual for each application. Refer to the different application descriptions below. 7.2.4.1 Configuration The configuration is done in the Application Configuration tool. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 165: Settings Of Protection Function

    T-zone is protected with a separate differential protection scheme. The 1Ph high impedance differential HZPDIF function in the IED allows this to be done efficiently, see Figure 63. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 166 1MRK 502 071-UEN - Differential protection 3·Id IEC05000165-2-en.vsd IEC05000165 V2 EN 3·Id IEC05000739-2-en.vsd IEC05000739 V2 EN Figure 63: The protection scheme utilizing the high impedance function for the T-feeder Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 167 As this application requires to be so sensitive select SeriesResistor= 2000 ohm, which gives an IED operating current of 100 mA. Calculate the primary sensitivity at operating voltage using the following equation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 168: Tertiary Reactor Protection

    HZPDIF can be used to protect the tertiary reactor for phase faults as well as earth faults if the power system of the tertiary winding is direct or low impedance earthed. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 169 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 170 Then the RMS current is calculated by dividing obtained current value from the metrosil curve with √2. Use the maximum value from the metrosil curve given in Figure 66. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 171: Restricted Earth Fault Protection

    Transformer rated current on HV winding: 250 A Current transformer ratio: 300/1 A (Note: Must be the same at all locations) CT Class: 10 VA 5P20 Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 172: Alarm Level Operation

    The setting level is normally selected to be around 10% of the operating voltage U>Trip. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 173: Generator Differential Protection Genpdif

    0.01–10 mA Generator differential protection GENPDIF 7.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Generator differential protection GENPDIF > SYMBOL-NN V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 174: Application

    1000 ms), see figure 67. GENPDIF is also well suited to give fast, sensitive and selective fault clearance, if used for protection of shunt reactors and small busbars. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 175: Setting Guidelines

    7.3.3.1 General settings IBase: Set as the rated current of the generator in primary A. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 176: Percentage Restrained Differential Operation

    The characteristic of the restrain differential protection is shown in figure 69. The characteristic is defined by the settings: • IdMin • EndSection1 • EndSection2 • SlopeSection2 • SlopeSection3 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 177 The SlopeSection3, defined as the percentage value of DI , is proposed to be set to diff Bias 80 %, if no deeper analysis is done. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 178: Negative Sequence Internal/External Fault Discriminator Feature

    NegSeqROA: NegSeqROA is the “Relay Operate Angle”, as described in figure 70. The default value 60° is recommended as optimum value for dependability and security. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 179: Open Ct Detection

    Once the open CT condition has been detected, then all the differential protection functions are blocked except the unrestraint (instantaneous) differential protection The outputs of open CT condition related parameters are listed below: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 180: Other Additional Options

    OperDCBiasing: If enabled the DC component of the differential current will be included in the bias current with a slow decay. The option can be used to increase Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 181: Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Protection Refpdif

    • earth faults in the transformer winding in solidly earthed network when the point of the fault is close to the winding star point. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 182: Transformer Winding, Solidly Earthed

    I3PW1CT1 IdN/I Protected winding IEC09000109-4-EN.vsd IEC09000109-4-EN V2 EN Figure 72: Connection of the low impedance Restricted earth fault function REFPDIF for a directly (solidly) earthed transformer winding Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 183: Transformer Winding, Earthed Through Zig-Zag Earthing Transformer

    I3PW2CT1 Protected IdN/I winding W2 Earthing transformer IEC09000110-4-EN.vsd IEC09000110-4-EN V2 EN Figure 73: Connection of the low impedance Restricted earth-fault function REFPDIF for a zig-zag earthing transformer Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 184: Autotransformer Winding, Solidly Earthed

    Reactor winding, solidly earthed Reactors can be protected with restricted earth-fault protection, low impedance function REFPDIF. The connection of REFPDIF for this application is shown in figure 75. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 185: Multi-Breaker Applications

    The second winding set is only applicable for autotransformers. A typical connection for a star-delta transformer is shown in figure 76. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 186: Ct Earthing Direction

    I3PW1CT1: Phase currents for winding 1 first current transformer set. I3PW1CT2: Phase currents for winding1 second current transformer set for multi- breaker arrangements. When not required configure input to "GRP-OFF". Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 187: Settings

    The stabilizing can then be high so an unnecessary high fault Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 188 CTFactorSec1: See setting CTFactorPri1. Only difference is that CTFactorSec1 is related to W2 side. CTFactorSec2: See setting CTFactorPri2. Only difference is that CTFactorSec2 is related to W2 side. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 189: Full-Scheme Distance Measuring, Mho Characteristic Zmhpdis

    For generator protection schemes is often required to use under-impedance protection in order to protect generator against sustained faults. The mho distance protection in REG670 can be used for this purpose if the following guidelines are followed. Configuration for every zone is identical.

  • Page 190: Settings

    Mho function example configuration for generator protection application 8.1.3.2 Settings Full-scheme distance measuring, Mho characteristic ZMHPDIS used as an under- impedance function shall be set for the application example shown in figure Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 191 The first under-impedance protection zone shall cover 100% of the step-up transformer impedance with a time delay of 1.0s. Calculate the step-up transformer impedance, in primary ohms, from the 13kV side as follows: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 192 By following the same procedure other mho zones can be set. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 193: High Speed Distance Protection Zmfpdis

    Figure 79: Operating characteristic for phase-to-phase loops High speed distance protection ZMFPDIS ZMFPDIS can be used according to the application description below only if VT and CT of the line feeder are wired to REG670. 8.2.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2...

  • Page 194: Application

    (kV) in the faulty phase before fault is the positive sequence impedance (Ω/phase) is the negative sequence impedance (Ω/phase) Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 195 The magnitude of the earth-fault current in effectively earthed networks is high enough for impedance measuring elements to detect earth faults. However, in the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 196 The neutral point reactor is normally designed so that it can be tuned to a position where the reactive current balances the capacitive current from the network: × × (Equation 38) EQUATION1272 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 197: Fault Infeed From Remote End

    EQUATION1273-IEC-650 V2 EN If we divide U by I we get Z present to the IED at A side. = p ·Z ·R (Equation 40) EQUATION1274-IEC-650 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 198: Load Encroachment

    The use of the load encroachment feature is essential for long heavily loaded lines, where there might be a conflict between the necessary emergency load transfer and necessary sensitivity of the distance protection. The function can also preferably be Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 199: Short Line Application

    For very short line applications, the underreaching zone 1 can not be used due to the fact that the voltage drop distribution throughout the line will be too low causing risk for overreaching. [1] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 200: Long Transmission Line Application

    Parallel line with common positive and zero sequence network Parallel circuits with common positive but isolated zero sequence network Parallel circuits with positive and zero sequence sources isolated. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 201 From symmetrical components, we can derive the impedance Z at the relay point for normal lines without mutual coupling according to equation 41. − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (Equation 41) IECEQUATION1275 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 202 A side as: æ ö × ç ÷ × I ph è ø (Equation 43) EQUATION1277 V3 EN Where: = Z0m/(3 · Z1L) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 203 IED closest to the fault. This reach reduction is normally less than 15%. But when the reach is reduced at one line Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 204 . Calculate the equivalent X and R zero sequence parameters according to equation and equation for each particular line section and use them for calculating the reach for the underreaching zone. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 205 Figure 89: Equivalent zero-sequence impedance circuit for a double-circuit line with one circuit disconnected and not earthed The reduction of the reach is equal to equation 51. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 206: Tapped Line Application

    Ensure that the underreaching zones from both line ends will overlap a sufficient amount (at least 10%) in the middle of the protected circuit. 8.2.2.7 Tapped line application Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 207 U2 (it is assumed that current and voltage distance function is taken from U2 side of the transformer). is the line impedance from the T point to the fault (F). Transformer impedance Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 208 In practice, the setting of fault resistance for both phase-to-earth RFPEZx and phase- to-phase RFPPZx should be as high as possible without interfering with the load impedance in order to obtain reliable fault detection. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 209: Setting Guidelines

    IED location. The setting shall generally not exceed 80% of the following impedances: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 210: Setting Of Reverse Zone

    It is necessary to secure, that it always covers the overreaching zone, used at the remote line IED for the telecommunication purposes. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 211: Setting Of Zones For Parallel Line Application

    Check the reduction of a reach for the overreaching zones due to the effect of the zero sequence mutual coupling. The reach is reduced for a factor: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 212: Setting The Reach With Respect To Load

    The final reach in the resistive direction for phase-to-earth fault loop measurement automatically follows the values of the line-positive and zero-sequence resistance, and at the end of the protected zone is equal to equation 68. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 213: Zone Reach Setting Lower Than Minimum Load Impedance

    The minimum load impedance (Ω/phase) is calculated with equation 72. [2] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw [3] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 214   load   X Zx X Zx (Equation 75) EQUATION578 V5 EN Where: ∂ is a maximum load-impedance angle, related to the maximum load power. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 215: Zone Reach Setting Higher Than Minimum Load Impedance

    For a phase-to-earth fault, it corresponds to the per-loop impedance, including the earth return impedance. [4] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 216: Other Settings

    Both current limits IMinOpPEZx and IMinOpPPZx are automatically reduced to 75% of regular set values if the zone is set to operate in reverse direction, that is, OperationDir is set to Reverse. OpModePPZx and OpModePEZx Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 217 The logic for the linking of the timer settings can be described with a module diagram. The figure shows only the case when TimerModeZx is selected to Ph-Ph and Ph-E. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 218 CVTs with power electronic damping devices, or if the type cannot be identified at all. None This option should be selected if the voltage transformer is fully magnetic. (Magnetic) INReleasePE Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 219: High Speed Distance Protection For Series Compensated Lines Zmfcpdis

    High speed distance protection for series compensated lines ZMFCPDIS ZMFCPDIS can be used according to the application description below only if VT and CT of the line feeder are wired to REG670. 8.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2...

  • Page 220: Application

    The earth-fault current at single phase-to-earth in phase L1 can be calculated as equation 33: × (Equation 81) EQUATION1267 V3 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 221 36: < × (Equation 83) EQUATION2122 V1 EN £ (Equation 84) EQUATION2123 V1 EN Where is the resistive zero sequence of the source Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 222: Fault Infeed From Remote End

    ·R (Equation 86) EQUATION1274-IEC-650 V1 EN The infeed factor (I can be very high, 10-20 depending on the differences in source impedances at local and remote end. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 223: Load Encroachment

    For short lines, the major concern is to get sufficient fault resistance coverage. Load encroachment is not a major problem. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 224: Short Line Application

    For very short line applications, the underreaching zone 1 cannot be used due to the voltage drop distribution throughout the line will be too low causing risk for overreaching. Load encroachment is normally no problem for short line applications. [5] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 225: Long Transmission Line Application

    ARGLd ARGLd RLdRv RLdFw en05000220.vsd IEC05000220 V1 EN Figure 98: Characteristic for zone measurement for a long line 8.3.2.6 Parallel line application with mutual coupling [6] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 226 Most multi circuit lines have two parallel operating circuits. Parallel line applications This type of networks is defined as those networks where the parallel transmission lines terminate at common nodes at both ends. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 227 Z< Z< IEC09000250_1_en.vsd IEC09000250 V1 EN Figure 99: Class 1, parallel line in service The equivalent circuit of the lines can be simplified, see figure 85. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 228 U in the faulty phase at A side as in equation 44. = ⋅ p ZI ⋅ ⋅ (Equation 90) IECEQUATION1278 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 229 CTs so that zero sequence current can flow on the parallel line, the equivalent zero sequence circuit of the parallel lines will be according to figure 87. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 230 ⋅       (Equation 95) DOCUMENT11520-IMG3502 V2 EN   ⋅  −      (Equation 96) DOCUMENT11520-IMG3503 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 231 A are equal to equation and equation 53. × × + × × + × Re( ) 0 (2 0 ( 0 2 (Equation 98) EQUATION1285 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 232: Tapped Line Application

    (at least 10%) in the middle of the protected circuit. 8.3.2.7 Tapped line application IEC09000160-3-en.vsd IEC09000160 V3 EN Figure 105: Example of tapped line with Auto transformer Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 233 1 settings, that is, without selectivity conflicts. Careful fault calculations are necessary to determine suitable settings and selection of proper scheme communication. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 234: Series Compensation In Power Systems

    A series capacitor is capable of compensating the voltage drop of the series inductance in a transmission line, as shown in figure 106. During low loading, the system voltage Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 235 1200 1400 1600 1800 P[MW] en06000586.vsd IEC06000586 V1 EN Figure 107: Voltage profile for a simple radial power line with 0, 30, 50 and 70% of compensation Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 236: Increase In Power Transfer

    Series capacitors influence the magnitude and the direction of fault currents in series compensated networks. They consequently influence phase angles of voltages measured in different points of series compensated networks and this performances of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 237 With bypassed With inserted capacitor capacitor Source voltage Pre -fault voltage U’ Fault voltage Source Z< en06000605.vsd IEC06000605 V1 EN Figure 110: Voltage inversion on series compensated line Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 238 It is generally anticipated that fault current I flows on non- compensated lines from power source towards the fault F on the protected line. Series capacitor may change the situation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 239 90 electrical degrees, which means that reactive current will flow from series compensated line to the system. The system conditions are in such case presented by equation > (Equation 111) EQUATION1936 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 240 CT location. Figure shows schematically the possible locations of instrument transformers related to the position of line-end series capacitor. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 241 Many installations with line-end series capacitors have available voltage instrument transformers on both sides. In such case it is recommended to use the VTs for each Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 242 LOC = 33%, 66% LOC = 100% en06000613.vsd IEC06000613 V1 EN Figure 116: Apparent impedances seen by distance IED for different SC locations and spark gaps used for overvoltage protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 243 Extensive studies at Bonneville Power Administration in USA ( ref. Goldsworthy, D,L “A Linearized Model for MOV-Protected series capacitors” Paper 86SM357–8 IEEE/PES summer meeting in Mexico City July 1986) have resulted in construction of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 244 • Series capacitor becomes nearly completely bridged by MOV when the line current becomes higher than 10-times the protective current level (I £ 10· k · Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 245: Impact Of Series Compensation On Protective Ied Of Adjacent Lines

    This may cause the phenomenon of voltage inversion to be expanded very deep into the adjacent network, Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 246: Distance Protection

    This makes it necessary to install distance protection in combination with telecommunication. The most common is distance protection in Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip mode (POTT). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 247: Underreaching And Overreaching Schemes

    50% of protected line dependent on compensation degree and there will be a section, G in figure 120, of the power line where no tripping occurs from either end. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 248 If the intermediate infeed of short circuit power by other lines is taken into consideration, the negative voltage drop on X is amplified and a Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 249 In such case the reactance of a short adjacent line may be lower than the capacitor reactance and Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 250 Cross-polarized distance protection (either with mho or quadrilateral characteristic) will normally handle earth-faults satisfactory if the negative impedance occurs inside the characteristic. The operating area for negative impedance depends upon the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 251 IEC06000627 V1 EN Figure 126: Double circuit, parallel operating line Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 252 IED RAB and especially telecommunication equipment, trip its related circuit breaker, since all conditions for POTT have been fulfilled. Zero sequence mutual impedance will additionally influence this process, since it increases Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 253: Setting Guidelines

    • The effect of infeed between the IED and the fault location, including the influence of different Z ratios of the various sources. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 254: Setting Of Zone 1

    The requirement that the zone 2 shall not reach more than 80% of the shortest adjacent line at remote end is highlighted in the example below. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 255: Setting Of Reverse Zone

    In many applications it might be necessary to consider the enlarging factor due to the fault current infeed from adjacent lines in the reverse direction in order to obtain certain sensitivity. 8.3.4.5 Series compensated and adjacent lines Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 256 æ ö c degree of compensation ç ÷ ç ÷ è ø (Equation 128) EQUATION1894 V1 EN is the reactance of the series capacitor Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 257 Different settings of the reach for the ph-ph faults and ph-E loops makes it possible to minimise the necessary decrease of the reach for different types of faults. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 258 For protection on non compensated lines facing series capacitor on next line. The setting is thus: • X1Fw is set to (XLine-XC · K) · p/100. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 259 Settings of the resistive reaches are limited according to the minimum load impedance. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 260: Setting Of Zones For Parallel Line Application

    Check the reduction of a reach for the overreaching zones due to the effect of the zero sequence mutual coupling. The reach is reduced for a factor: × (Equation 131) EQUATION1426 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 261: Setting Of Reach In Resistive Direction

    68.       2 R1Zx R0Zx RFPEZx (Equation 136) IECEQUATION2303 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 262: Load Impedance Limitation, Without Load Encroachment Function

    Check the maximum permissible resistive reach for any zone to ensure that there is a sufficient setting margin between the boundary and the minimum load impedance. The minimum load impedance (Ω/phase) is calculated as: [7] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw. [8] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 263 160% of the minimum load impedance. RFPPZx   1.6 Z load (Equation 144) EQUATION579 V3 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 264: Zone Reach Setting Higher Than Minimum Load Impedance

    For a phase-to-earth fault, it corresponds to the per-loop impedance, including the earth return impedance. [9] RLdRv=RLdRvFactor*RLdFw Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 265: Parameter Setting Guidelines

    Both current limits IMinOpPEZx and IMinOpPPZx are automatically reduced to 75% of regular set values if the zone is set to operate in reverse direction, that is, OperationDir=Reverse. OpModePPZx and OpModePEZx Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 266 CVTtype If possible, the type of capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) that is used for measurement should be identified. Note that the alternatives are strongly related to the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 267: Pole Slip Protection Pspppam

    Pole slip protection PSPPPAM Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 268: Identification

    The relative generator phase angle at a fault and pole slip, relative to the external power system, is shown in figure 134. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 269 This split can be made at predefined locations (trip of predefined lines) after function from pole slip protection (PSPPPAM) in the line protection IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 270 • At asynchronous operation the generator will absorb a significant amount of reactive power, thus risking overload of the windings. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 271: Setting Guidelines

    L3-L1. If all phase voltages and phase currents are fed to the IED the PosSeq alternative is recommended (default). Further settings can be illustrated in figure 136. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 272 The ImpedanceZB is the reverse impedance as show in figure 136. ZB should be equal to the generator transient reactance X'd. The impedance is given in % of the base impedance, see equation 150. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 273: Setting Example For Line Application

    Line application of pole slip protection If the apparent impedance crosses the impedance line ZB – ZA this is the detection criterion of out of step conditions, see figure 138. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 274 With all phase voltages and phase currents available and fed to the protection IED, it is recommended to set the MeasureMode to positive sequence. The impedance settings are set in pu with ZBase as reference: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 275 The warning angle (StartAngle) should be chosen not to cross into normal operating area. The maximum line power is assumed to be 2000 MVA. This corresponds to apparent impedance: 2000 (Equation 157) EQUATION1967 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 276 If the line shall be tripped at all pole slip situations also the parameter N2Limit is set to 1. In other cases a larger number is recommended. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 277: Setting Example For Generator Application

    Generator application of pole slip protection If the apparent impedance crosses the impedance line ZB – ZA this is the detected criterion of out of step conditions, see figure 141. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 278 SBase set to 200 MVA ': 25% Use the following block transformer data: UBase : 20 kV (low voltage side) SBase set to 200 MVA : 15% Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 279 (Equation 163) EQUATION1973 V1 EN Set ZB to 0.25 × 0.15 (Equation 164) EQUATION1974 V1 EN This corresponds to: Ð 0.15 0.15 90 (Equation 165) EQUATION1975 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 280 In case of minor damped oscillations at normal operation we do not want the protection to start. Therefore we set the start angle with large margin. Set StartAngle to 110°. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 281: Out-Of-Step Protection Oosppam

    This is often shown in a simplified way as two equivalent generators connected to each other via an equivalent transmission line and the phase difference between the equivalent generators is 180 electrical degrees. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 282 In a non-recoverable situation, the power swings become so severe that the synchronism is lost: this condition is called pole slipping. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 283 The out-of-step protection should protect a generator or motor (or two weakly connected power systems) against pole- Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 284: Setting Guidelines

    ForwardR = 0.078/0.9522 · 100 = 8.19 in % ZBase; ReverseR = 0.003/0.9522 · 100 = 0.29 in % ZBase (all referred to 13.8 kV) settings Settings ForwardR, ForwardX, ReverseR, and ReverseX. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 285 E1 and E2 in an equivalent simplified two-machine system) to get the start signal, in degrees. The width of the lens characteristic is determined by the value of this setting. Whenever the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 286 = On. More likely to be used is the option to extend zone 1 so that zone 1 even covers zone 2. This feature is activated by the input to extend the zone 1 (EXTZ1). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 287: Loss Of Excitation Lexpdis

    (LV-side) then inversion is not necessary (InvertCTCurr = Off), provided that the CT’s star point earthing complies with ABB recommendations, as it is shown in Table 29. If the currents fed to the Out- of-step protection are measured on the protected generator terminals side, then invertion is necessary (InvertCTCurr = On), provided that the CT’s star point...
  • Page 288 The complex apparent power from the generator, at different angles δ is shown in figure 146. The line corresponding to 90° is the steady state stability limit. It must be Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 289 A suitable area, in the PQ-plane, for protection operation is shown in figure 147. In this example limit is set to a small negative reactive power independent of active power. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 290 Figure 147: Suitable area, in the PQ-plane, for protection operation Often the capability curve of a generator describes also low excitation capability of the generator, see figure 148. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 291 The straight line in the PQ-diagram will be equivalent with a circle in the impedance plane, see figure 149. In this example the circle is corresponding to constant Q, that is, characteristic parallel with P-axis. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 292 The straight line in the PQ-diagram is equivalent with a circle in the impedance plane LEXPDIS in the IED is realised by two impedance circles and a directional restraint possibility as shown in figure 150. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 293: Setting Guidelines

    IBase, (refer to GlobalBaseSel): The setting IBase is set to the generator rated Current in A, see equation 170. IBase × (Equation 170) EQUATION1707 V1 EN UBase: The setting UBase is set to the generator rated Voltage (phase-phase) in kV. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 294 XoffsetZ1 and XoffsetZ2, offset of impedance circle top along the X axis, are given negative value if X < 0. XoffsetZ1: It is recommended to set XoffsetZ1= - X '/2 and Z1diameter = 100% of ZBase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 295 171. XoffsetDirLine is given a positive value if X > 0. DirAngle is set in degrees with negative value in the 4 quadrant. Typical value is -13°. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 296: Sensitive Rotor Earth Fault Protection, Injection Based Rotiphiz

    8.7.2 Application The sensitive rotor earth fault protection, injection based (ROTIPHIZ), is used to detect earth faults in the rotor windings of generators and motors. An independent Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 297: Rotor Earth Fault Protection Function

    R is very large in the non-faulted case and the measured impedance, called the rotor reference impedance and can be calculated as : EQUATION2510 V1 EN alternative Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 298 Such overvoltages can occur if the unit is fed from static excitation system. The injection unit REX060 is connected to the generator and to IED as shown in figure 155. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 299 120V and when used together with REX062 up to 240V. The measured impedance Z is calculated by the complex equation: Measured ´ measured bare GUID-20ADF3F6-6A89-4B5F-B0DA-9740C4FD5482 V2 EN Where: bare IECEQUATION17021 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 300: Setting Guidelines

    REX060. The signals are amplified giving voltage signals for both the injected voltage and current, adapted to analogue inputs of IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 301: Connecting And Setting Voltage Inputs

    The RIM module of REX060 has two analog output channels that shall be connected to two voltage input channels of the IED. If both stator and rotor protection are used, there are two possible methods to perform the connection. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 302 This connection is not recommended and can be used only in applications where it is prove the possibility to use it. the use of this connection leads to reduced performances of both ROTIPHIZ and STTIPHIZ. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 303: Settings For Sensitive Rotor Earth Fault Protection,Rotiphiz

    STTIPHIZ and ROTIPHIZ. The default parameter settings are used for the pre-processor block. It is possible to connect two REG670 IEDs in parallel to the REX060 injection unit in order to obtain redundant measurement in the two IEDs. However, at commissioning, both IEDs must be connected during the calibration procedure.
  • Page 304 FilterLength should be left at its default value; any change of this parameter should be defined under ABB supervision. FilterLength setting affects the TRIP signal, see figure Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 305: Stator Earth Fault Protection, Injection Based Sttiphiz

    The response of this injected signal is used to detect stator earth faults. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 306: Stator Earth Fault Protection Function

    Both functions STTIPHIZ and ROV2PTOV shall be configured and shall operate in parallel in the same REG670 in order to perform the 100% stator earth-fault protection function. STTIPHIZ performs the earth-fault protection based on the injection principle to protect the section of the stator windings close to the generator neutral point;...
  • Page 307 High-resistance generator earthing with a neutral point resistor There are some alternatives for connection of the neutral point resistor as shown in figure (low voltage neutral point resistor connected via a DT). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 308 . By dividing the resistor in two parts it shall be ensured that maximum voltage imposed back on injection equipment is equal to or less than 240V. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 309 High-resistance generator earthing via a grounded wye-broken delta transformer It is also possible to make the injection via VT open delta connection, as shown in figure 162. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 310 Accuracy for STTIPHIZ is installation dependent and it mainly depends on the characteristic of grounding or voltage transformer used to inject signal into the stator. Note that large variation of the ambient temperature and variation of stator Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 311: Setting Guidelines

    50 kΩ may be reached at steady state operating condition of the machine. Note that it is possible to connect two REG670 in parallel to the REX060 injection unit in order to obtain redundant measurement in two separate IEDs. However, at commissioning both REG670 IEDs must be connected during calibration procedure.

  • Page 312: Connecting And Setting Voltage Inputs

    This connection is not recommended and can be used only in applications where it is proved the possibility to use it. The use of this connection leads to reduced performances of both ROTIPHIZ and STTIPHIZ. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 313: Stator Earth Fault Protection

    URMSSTAT is set to TRUE. The output URMSSTAT can be used in the logic that selects the active reference impedance. The possibility to use this feature and the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 314: Under Impedance Protection For Generators And Transformers Zgvpdis

    Zone 1 can be used to provide high speed protection for phase faults in the generator, bus ducts or cables and part of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 315 Phase-phase-earth faults in the HV side of generator transformer and in the power system Three-phase faults in the HV side of generator transformer and in the power system Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 316: Operating Zones

    Z2Rev Z1Fwd ImpedanceAn R(ohm) Z1Rev B) Typical setting of zones for under impedance relay IEC11000308-3-en.vsd IEC11000308 V3 EN Figure 165: Zone characteristics and typical power system model Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 317: Zone 1 Operation

    The measuring loops used for zone 2 with different options are: Phase-to-phase loops Phase-to-phase loop Voltage phasor Current phasor L1–L2 UL1L2 IL1L2 L2–L3 UL2L3 IL2L3 L3–L1 UL3L1 IL3L1 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 318: Zone 3 Operation

    If the current transformers are located at the terminal of the generator always the forward reach is only generator impedance and reverse reach comprises of transformer impedance and the connected transmission lines impedance. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 319: Undervoltage Seal-In Function

    ArgLd IEC11000304_1_en IEC11000304 V1 EN Figure 166: Load Encroachment characteristic in under Impedance function The resistive settings of this function is also provided in percentage of ZBase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 320: External Block Signals

    Zone 1 operate time delay in seconds. Zone 2 Zone 2 in ZGVPDIS function has offset mho characteristic and it can evaluate three phase-to-phase impedance measuring loops or Enhanced reach loop. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 321: Load Encroachment

    LoadEnchModZ2 setting by selecting either On or Off. Similarly for zone 3 load encroachment can be enabled or disabled using the LoadEnchModZ3 setting by selecting either On or Off. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 322: Under Voltage Seal-In

    -RLd ArgLd ArgLd IEC11000304_1_en IEC11000304 V1 EN Figure 167: Characteristics of load encroachment in R-X plane 8.9.3.3 Under voltage seal-in Settings involved in under voltage seal-in are: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 323: Rotor Earth Fault Protection Using Cvgapc

    Rotor earth fault protection can be integrated in the IED among all other protection functions typically required for generator protection. How this is achieved by using COMBIFLEX injection unit RXTTE4 is described in Instruction 1MRG001910. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 325: Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent Protection Phpioc

    (and relay) point, for which very high fault currents are characteristic. The instantaneous phase overcurrent protection PHPIOC can operate in 10 ms for faults characterized by very high currents. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 326: Setting Guidelines

    I . The calculation should be done using the minimum source impedance values for Z and the maximum source Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 327 5% for the maximum possible transient overreach have to be introduced. An additional 20% is suggested due to the inaccuracy of the instrument transformers under transient conditions and inaccuracy in the system data. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 328: Meshed Network With Parallel Line

    A fault in C has to be applied, and then the maximum current seen from the IED (I on the healthy line (this applies for single-phase-to-earth and two-phase-to-earth faults) is calculated. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 329 The IED setting value IP>> is given in percentage of the primary base current value, IBase. The value for IP>> is given from this formula: >>= × IBase (Equation 180) EQUATION1147 V3 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 330: Directional Phase Overcurrent Protection, Four Steps Oc4Ptoc

    To enable optimal co-ordination between all overcurrent protections, they should have the same time delay characteristic. Therefore, a wide range of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 331: Setting Guidelines

    (SBase) are set in the global base values for settings function GBASVAL. GlobalBaseSel: This is used to select GBASVAL function for reference of base values. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 332 2ndHarmStab: Operate level of 2nd harmonic current restrain set in % of the fundamental current. The setting range is 5 - 100% in steps of 1%. The default setting is 20%. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 333: Settings For Each Step

    DirModex: The directional mode of step x. Possible settings are Off/Non-directional/ Forward/Reverse. Characteristx: Selection of time characteristic for step x. Definite time delay and different types of inverse time characteristics are available according to Table 34. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 334 ANSI reset characteristic according to standard. If IMinx is set above Ix> for any step the ANSI reset works as if current is zero when current drops below IMinx. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 335 For the definite time delay characteristics, the possible delay time setting instantaneous (1) and IEC (2 = set constant time reset). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 336: Setting Example

    This phenomenon is described in Figure 174. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 337 The minimum fault current Iscmin to be detected by the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 338 The time setting is chosen to get the shortest fault time with maintained selectivity. Selectivity is assured if the time difference between the curves is larger than a critical time difference. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 339 The fault current to the overcurrent protection of IED B1 has a magnitude so that the overcurrent protection will start and subsequently trip, and the overcurrent protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 340 Therefore a safety margin has to be included. With normal values the needed time difference can be calculated according to Equation 186. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 341: Instantaneous Residual Overcurrent Protection Efpioc

    Some guidelines for the choice of setting parameter for EFPIOC is given. Common base IED values for primary current (IBase), primary voltage (UBase) and primary power (SBase) are set in the global base values for settings function GBASVAL. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 342 The function shall not operate for any of the calculated currents to the protection. The minimum theoretical current setting (Imin) will be:    in MAX I (Equation 187) EQUATION284 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 343 EQUATION288 V3 EN The IED setting value IN>> is given in percent of the primary base current value, IBase. The value for IN>> is given by the formula: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 344: Directional Residual Overcurrent Protection, Four Steps Ef4Ptoc

    TEF-REVA V2 EN 9.4.2 Application The directional residual overcurrent protection, four steps EF4PTOC is used in several applications in the power system. Some applications are: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 345 ANSI Moderately Inverse ANSI/IEEE Definite time ANSI Long Time Extremely Inverse ANSI Long Time Very Inverse ANSI Long Time Inverse IEC Normal Inverse Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 346: Setting Guidelines

    HMI or PCM600. The following settings can be done for the function. Common base IED values for primary current (IBase), primary voltage (UBase) and primary power (SBase) are set in the global base values for settings function GBASVAL. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 347: Common Settings For All Steps

    In a normal transmission network a normal value of RCA is about 65°. The setting range is -180° to +180°. polMethod: Defines if the directional polarization is from Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 348: Nd Harmonic Restrain

    The inrush current has a relatively large ratio of 2nd harmonic component. This component can be used to create a restrain signal to prevent this unwanted function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 349: Parallel Transformer Inrush Current Logic

    This is given as one of the settings of the steps: Step 1/2/3/4. Normally, the step having the lowest operation current level should be set. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 350: Switch Onto Fault Logic

    Settings for each step (x = 1, 2, 3 and 4) Operation: Sets the protection to On or Off. DirModex: The directional mode of step x. Possible settings are Off/Non-directional/ Forward/Reverse. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 351 By setting this parameter, the operation time of the step can never be shorter than the setting. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 352 ÷ æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ è > ø è ø (Equation 192) EQUATION1189 V1 EN Further description can be found in the technical reference manual. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 353: Transformer Application Example

    Step 2 shall have a longer time delay (definite or inverse time delay) and a lower current operation level. Step 2 shall detect and clear Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 354 One requirement is that earth faults at the busbar, where the transformer winding is connected, shall be detected. Therefore a fault calculation as shown in Figure made. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 355 YN/D or YN/Y transformer Three phase CT summated Single CT > Single phase-to- IEC05000493-en-2.vsd earth fault IEC05000493 V2 EN Figure 186: Step 1 fault calculation 1 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 356: Four Step Directional Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent Protection Ns4Ptoc

    46I2 overcurrent protection IEC10000053 V1 EN 9.5.2 Application Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC is used in several applications in the power system. Some applications are: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 357 ANSI Very Inverse ANSI Normal Inverse ANSI Moderately Inverse ANSI/IEEE Definite time ANSI Long Time Extremely Inverse ANSI Long Time Very Inverse Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 358: Setting Guidelines

    Thus, if only the inverse time delay is required, it is important to set the definite time delay for that stage to zero. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 359: Settings For Each Step

    Note that the value set is the time between activation of the start and the trip outputs. kx: Time multiplier for the dependent (inverse) characteristic. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 360 (TRM). There are some restrictions regarding the choice of reset delay. For the independent time delay characteristics the possible delay time settings are instantaneous (1) and IEC (2 = set constant time reset). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 361: Common Settings For All Steps

    AngleRCA: Relay characteristic angle given in degrees. This angle is defined as shown in figure 180. The angle is defined positive when the residual current lags the reference voltage (Upol = -U2) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 362: Sensitive Directional Residual Overcurrent And Power Protection Sdepsde

    % of IBase. The start forward or start reverse signals can be used in a communication scheme. The appropriate signal must be configured to the communication scheme block. Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection SDEPSDE Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 363: Identification

    Consider the following: • Sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection gives possibility for better sensitivity. The setting possibilities of this function are down to 0.25 % of IBase, Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 364: Setting Guidelines

    In a high impedance system the fault current is assumed to be limited by the system zero sequence shunt impedance to earth and the fault resistance only. All the series impedances in the system are assumed to be zero. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 365 In a system with a neutral point resistor (resistance earthed system) the impedance Z can be calculated as: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 366 The series impedances in the system can no longer be neglected. The system with a single phase to earth fault can be described as in Figure 190. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 367 The residual voltages in stations A and B can be written: × T ,0 (Equation 201) EQUATION1949 V1 EN × 3I (Z T ,0 lineAB,0 (Equation 202) EQUATION1950 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 368 With the setting OpMode the principle of directional function is chosen. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 369 When OpMode is set to 3I0 and fi the function will operate if the residual current is larger than the setting INDir> and the residual current angle is within the sector RCADir ± ROADir. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 370 RCADir is set equal to -90° in an isolated network as all currents are mainly capacitive. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 371 Definite time delay and different types of inverse time characteristics are available: Table 39: Inverse time characteristics Curve name ANSI Extremely Inverse ANSI Very Inverse ANSI Normal Inverse Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 372: Thermal Overload Protection, Two Time Constants Trpttr

    OpUN> is set On to activate the trip function of the residual over voltage protection. tUN is the definite time delay for the trip function of the residual voltage protection, given in s. Thermal overload protection, two time constants TRPTTR Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 373: Identification

    If the heat content of the protected transformer reaches a set alarm level a signal can be given to the operator. Two alarm levels are available. This enables preventive Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 374: Setting Guideline

    Tau1: The thermal time constant of the protected transformer, related to IBase1 (no cooling) given in minutes. Tau2: The thermal time constant of the protected transformer, related to IBase2 (with cooling) given in minutes. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 375 If other components (motors) are included in the thermal protection, there is a risk of overheating of that equipment in case of very high current. The thermal time constant is often smaller for a motor than for the transformer. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 376: Breaker Failure Protection Ccrbrf

    One necessary component in the fault clearance system is the circuit breaker. It is from practical and economical reason not feasible to duplicate the circuit breaker for the protected object. Instead a breaker failure protection is used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 377: Setting Guidelines

    CB Pos Check (circuit breaker position check) and Contact means re-trip is done when circuit breaker is closed (breaker position is used). No CBPos Check means re-trip is done without any check of breaker position. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 378 Also in effectively earthed systems the setting of the earth-fault current protection can be chosen to relatively low current level. The BuTripMode is set 1 out Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 379 BFPreset Margin Minimum back-up trip delay t2 Critical fault clearance time for stability Time Trip and Start CCRBRF IEC05000479_2_en.vsd IEC05000479 V2 EN Figure 194: Time sequence Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 380: Pole Discordance Protection Ccpdsc

    It is therefore important to detect situations with pole discordance of circuit breakers. When this is detected the breaker should be tripped directly. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 381: Setting Guidelines

    This is due to the existence of low impedance current paths in the switch yard. This phenomenon must be considered in the setting of the parameter. CurrRelLevel: Current magnitude for release of the function in % of IBase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 382: Directional Underpower Protection Guppdup

    Now, it is not possible to remove all heat generated by the windage losses. Instead, the heat will increase the temperature in the steam turbine and especially of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 383 2%. One should set the overpower protection (reference angle set to 180) to trip if the power flow from the network to the generator is higher than 1%. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 384: Setting Guidelines

    EQUATION1699 V1 EN L1L2 × (Equation 216) EQUATION1700 V1 EN L2L3 × (Equation 217) EQUATION1701 V1 EN L3L1 × (Equation 218) EQUATION1702 V1 EN Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 385 The setting is given in p.u. of the generator rated power, see equation 222. Minimum recommended setting is 0.2% of S when metering class CT inputs into the IED are used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 386 The drop out power will be Power1(2) + Hysteresis1(2). The possibility to have low pass filtering of the measured power can be made as shown in the formula: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 387: Directional Overpower Protection Goppdop

    9.11.2 Application The task of a generator in a power plant is to convert mechanical energy available as a torque on a rotating shaft to electric energy. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 388 Hydro turbines tolerate reverse power much better than steam turbines do. Only Kaplan turbine and bulb turbines may suffer from reverse power. There is a risk that Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 389: Setting Guidelines

    GlobalBaseSel: Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase, UBase and SBase as applicable. Operation: With the parameter Operation the function can be set On/Off. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 390 With the parameter OpMode1(2) the function can be set On/Off. The function gives trip if the power component in the direction defined by the setting Angle1(2) is larger than the set pick up power value Power1(2) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 391 The setting is given in degrees. For active power the set angle should be 0° or 180°. 180° should be used for generator reverse power protection. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 392 Calculated is settable parameter Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 393: Negativ Sequence Time Overcurrent Protection For Machines Ns2Ptoc

    NS2PTOC can also be used as a backup protection, that is, to protect the generator in the event line protections or circuit breakers fail to perform for unbalanced system faults. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 394: Features

    • Service value that is, measured negative sequence current value, in primary Amperes, is available through the local HMI. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 395: Generator Continuous Unbalance Current Capability

    MVA generator would have K = 5 seconds. Unbalanced short-time negative sequence current I is expressed in per unit of rated generator current and time t in seconds. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 396 Negative sequence currents in a generator may be caused by: • Unbalanced loads such as • Single phase railroad load • Unbalanced system faults such as Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 397: Setting Guidelines

    A typical inverse time overcurrent curve is shown in Figure 202. [1] The definite time delay is described by the setting t1, which is the time between activation of start and trip outputs. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 398: Start Sensitivity

    A settable time delay tAlarm is provided for the alarm function to avoid false alarms during short-time unbalanced conditions. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 399: Accidental Energizing Protection For Synchronous Generator Aegpvoc

    % of IBase. This setting should be based on evaluation of the largest current that can occur during the accidental energizing: I . This current energisation can be calculated as: energisation network (Equation 238) EQUATION2282 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 400: Voltage-Restrained Time Overcurrent Protection Vrpvoc

    The default value 0.5s is recommended. 9.14 Voltage-restrained time overcurrent protection VRPVOC 9.14.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Voltage-restrained time overcurrent VRPVOC I>/U< protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 401: Application

    In that Global Base Values Group: IBase shall be entered as rated phase current of the protected object in primary amperes. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 402: Application Possibilities

    VRPVOC Trip output I3P* TRIP U3P* TROC BLOCK TRUV BLKOC START BLKUV STOC STUV IEC12000183-1-en.vsd IEC12000183 V1 EN Figure 203: Undervoltage seal-in of current start Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 403: Setting Guidelines

    (VDepFact*StartCurr/100*IBase ; 0.25*UBase). Step mode: it is the start level of the overcurrent stage given in % of StartCurr when the voltage is lower than UHighLimit/100*UBase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 404: Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent Protection For Generator And Step-Up Transformer

    (SBase) are set in Global base values for settings function GBASVAL. Setting GlobalBaseSel is used to select a GBASVAL function for reference of base values. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 405: Overcurrent Protection With Undervoltage Seal-In

    10. Set EnBlkLowV to Off (default value) to disable the cut-off level for low-voltage of the undervoltage stage. The other parameters may be left at their default value. 9.15 Generator stator overload protection GSPTTR Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 406: Identification

    Excess temperature can also cause mechanical damage due to thermal expansion. Rotor components such as bars and end rings are vulnerable to this damage. Temperature rise within a generator for Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 407: Setting Guideline

    Make sure that appropriate CT ratio (for example, 100/1 or 1000/5) is set on these three analogue inputs. All settings will be given in a table format for both applications. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 408 IEEE-C50.13. The parameters have to be changed according to the specifications, if different standards are applicable. The parameters for the Generator rotor overload protection GRPTTR are set via the local HMI or PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 409: Two Step Undervoltage Protection Uv2Ptuv

    Disconnect apparatuses, like electric motors, which will be damaged when subject to service under low voltage conditions. The function has a high measuring accuracy and a settable hysteresis to allow applications to control reactive load. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 410: Setting Guidelines

    Backup protection for power system faults The setting must be below the lowest occurring "normal" voltage and above the highest occurring voltage during the fault conditions under consideration. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 411: Settings For Two Step Undervoltage Protection

    This might lead to unselective tripping. By setting t1Min longer than the operation time for other protections, such unselective tripping can be avoided. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 412: Two Step Overvoltage Protection Ov2Ptov

    SYMBOL-C-2U-SMALLER-THAN V2 EN 10.2.2 Application Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of high voltage is necessary. OV2PTOV is used for supervision and Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 413: Setting Guidelines

    The time delay for the OV2PTOV can sometimes be critical and related to the size of the overvoltage - a power system or a high voltage component can withstand smaller Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 414: Equipment Protection, Such As For Motors, Generators Reactors And Transformers

    OV2PTOV measures selectively phase-to-earth voltages, or phase-to-phase voltage chosen by the setting ConnType. The function will operate if the voltage gets lower than the set percentage of UBase. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 415 This might lead to unselective trip. By setting t1Min longer than the operation time for other protections such unselective tripping can be avoided. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 416: Two Step Residual Overvoltage Protection Rov2Ptov

    Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV is primarily used in high impedance earthed distribution networks, mainly as a backup for the primary earth- fault protection of the feeders and the transformer. To increase the security for Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 417: Setting Guidelines

    Equipment protection, capacitors High voltage will deteriorate the dielectric and the insulation. Two step residual overvoltage protection (ROV2PTOV) has to be connected to a neutral or open delta Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 418: Stator Earth-Fault Protection Based On Residual Voltage Measurement

    The two-stage residual overvoltage function ROV2PTOV can be used for all three applications. The residual overvoltage function measures and operates only on the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 419 The maximum Uo voltage is present for a single phase-to- earth fault at the generator HV terminal and it has the maximum primary value: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 420 Due to such connection, ROV2PTOV measures the 3Uo voltage at generator HV terminals. Maximum 3Uo voltage is present for a single phase-to-earth fault at the HV terminal of the generator and it has the primary maximum value 3Uo Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 421: Power Supply Quality

    The two healthy phases will measure full phase-to-phase voltage, as the faulty phase will be connected to earth. The residual overvoltage will be three times the phase-to-earth voltage. See figure 206. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 422: Direct Earthed System

    The residual sum will have the same value as the remaining phase-to-earth voltage, which is shown in Figure 207. IEC07000189-2-en.vsd IEC07000189 V2 EN Figure 207: Earth fault in Direct earthed system Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 423: Settings For Two Step Residual Overvoltage Protection

    In many applications, the protection function has the task to prevent damage to the protected object. The speed might be important, for example, in the case Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 424 Make sure that the set value for parameter HystABSn is somewhat smaller than the set pickup value. Otherwise there is a risk that step n will not reset properly. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 425: Overexcitation Protection Oexpvph

    When the transformer is Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 426 It then uses the positive sequence quantities of voltages and currents. Analog measurements shall not be taken from any winding where a load tap changer is located. Some different connection alternatives are shown in figure 208. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 427: Setting Guidelines

    TRIP: The TRIP output is activated after the operate time for the U/f level has expired. TRIP signal is used to trip the circuit breaker(s). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 428: Settings

    The operating times at voltages higher than the set V/Hz>>. The setting shall match capabilities on these high voltages. Typical setting can be 1-10 second. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 429: Service Value Report

    In this example, each step will be (140-105) /5 = 7%. The setting of time delays t1 to t6 are listed in table 47. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 430 Continous 0.05 Time (minutes) en01000377.vsd IEC01000377 V1 EN Figure 209: Example on overexcitation capability curve and V/Hz protection settings for power transformer Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 431: Voltage Differential Protection Vdcptov

    The function requires voltage transformers in all phases of the capacitor bank. Figure shows some different alternative connections of this function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 432 The application to supervise the voltage on two voltage transformers in the generator circuit is shown in figure 211. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 433: Setting Guidelines

    The factor is defined as U2 · RFLx and shall be equal to the U1 voltage. Each phase has its own ratio factor. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 434 The time delay for alarm is set by this parameter. Normally, few seconds delay can be used on capacitor banks alarm. For fuse failure supervision (SDDRFUF) the alarm delay can be set to zero. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 435: Identification

    The relation between the amplitude of the generator earth fault current and the fault time, with defined consequence, is shown in figure 212. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 436 However, at best these schemes protect only 95% of the stator winding. They leave 5% at the neutral end unprotected. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 437 In some applications the neutral point resistor is connected to the low voltage side of a single-phase distribution transformer, connected to the generator neutral point. In such a case the voltage measurement can be made directly across the secondary resistor. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 438 One difficulty with this solution is that the current transformer ratio is normally so large so that the secondary residual current will be very small. The false residual Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 439: Setting Guidelines

    GBASVAL. Setting GlobalBaseSel is used to select a GBASVAL function for reference of base values. The setting UBase is set to the rated phase to phase voltage in kV of the generator. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 440 DU3 with the bias voltage BU3. The setting is given as % of the rated phase-to-earth voltage. The setting Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 441 The setting is given in s. A delay in the range 0.5 – 2 seconds is acceptable. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 443: Underfrequency Protection Saptuf

    The same also applies to the associated equipment, its frequency and time characteristic. There are two specific application areas for SAPTUF: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 444: Overfrequency Protection Saptof

    11.2 Overfrequency protection SAPTOF 11.2.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Overfrequency protection SAPTOF f > SYMBOL-O V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 445: Application

    In smaller systems the frequency START level has to be set at a higher value, and the time delay must be rather short. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 446: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection Sapfrc

    In such situations load or generation shedding has to Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 447: Frequency Time Accumulation Protection Function Ftaqfvr

    1, mechanical stress on the blades is approximately 300 times the nonresonant operating condition stress values. The stress magnification factor is shown in the typical resonance curve in Figure 217. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 448 However, the IEEE/ANSI C37.106-2003 standard "Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants" provides some examples where the time accumulated within each frequency range is as shown in Figure 218. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 449: Setting Guidelines

    Setting of extent, duration and frequency of occurrence should be set according to manufacture’s requirements and recommendations. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 450 FreqHighLimit and FreqLowLimit setting is derived from the generator manufacturer's operating requirements. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 451: General Current And Voltage Protection Cvgapc

    Each CVGAPC function module has got four independent protection elements built into it. Two overcurrent steps with the following built-in features: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 452: Current And Voltage Selection For Cvgapc Function

    (selected current quantity and selected voltage quantity). The user can select, by a setting parameter CurrentInput, to measure one of the following current quantities shown in table 48. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 453 CVGAPC function will measure the phase L1 voltage phasor phase2 CVGAPC function will measure the phase L2 voltage phasor phase3 CVGAPC function will measure the phase L3 voltage phasor Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 454: Base Quantities For Cvgapc Function

    The parameter settings for the base quantities, which represent the base (100%) for pickup levels of all measuring stages shall be entered as setting parameters for every CVGAPC function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 455: Application Possibilities

    Loss of Excitation protection (directional pos. seq. OC protection) • Reverse power/Low forward power protection (directional pos. seq. OC protection, 2% sensitivity) • Dead-Machine/Inadvertent-Energizing protection • Breaker head flashover protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 456: Inadvertent Generator Energization

    The overcurrent function will have a pick-up value about 50% of the rated current of the generator. The trip delay will be about 50 ms. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 457: Setting Guidelines

    Set RCADir to value +65 degrees (NegSeq current typically lags the inverted NegSeq voltage for this angle during the fault) Set ROADir to value 90 degree Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 458 Furthermore the other built-in UC, OV and UV protection elements can be used for other protection and alarming purposes. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 459: Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

    ö ç ÷ × è ø (Equation 251) EQUATION1374 V1 EN In order to achieve such protection functionality with one CVGAPC functions the following must be done: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 460 All other settings can be left at the default values. If required delayed time reset for OC1 step can be set in order to ensure proper function operation in case of repetitive unbalance conditions. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 461: Generator Stator Overload Protection In Accordance With Iec Or Ansi Standards

    3.5can be re-written in the following way without changing the value for the operate time of the generator stator overload IED: × æ ö ç ÷ × è ø (Equation 255) EQUATION1378 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 462 Proper timing of CVGAPC function made in this way can easily be verified by secondary injection. All other settings can be left at the default values. If required Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 463: For Generators

    For example, in case of generator application by enabling OC2 step with set pickup to 200% and time delay to 0.1s simple but effective protection against circuit breaker head flashover protection is achieved. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 464: Voltage Restrained Overcurrent Protection For Generator And Step-Up Transformer

    CVGAPC function, loss of excitation protection for a generator can be achieved. Let us assume that from rated generator data the following values are calculated: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 465 Figure shows overall protection characteristic Furthermore the other build-in protection elements can be used for other protection and alarming purposes. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 466: Inadvertent Generator Energization

    The delay of these protection functions might be too long. The reverse power protection might detect the situation but the operation time of this protection is normally too long. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 467 It is assumed that the instance is used only for the inadvertent energization application. It is however possible to extent the use of the instance by using OC2, UC1, UC2, OV2, UV2 for other protection applications. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 468: General Settings Of The Instance

    DirMode_OC1: Direction mode for OC1: DirMode_OC1 is set Off. 12.1.3.10 Setting for OC2 Operation_OC2: Operation_OC2 is set Off if the function is not used for other protection function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 469: Setting For Uc1

    CurveType_UV1: The time delay of UV1 should be of type definite time and this is set in the parameter CurveType_UV1 where Definite time is chosen. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 470: Setting For Uv2

    The reset time of UV1 is set by the parameter tResetDef_UV1. The setting 1.0 s is recommended. 12.1.3.16 Setting for UV2 Operation_UV2: Operation_UV2 is set Off if the function is not used for other protection function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 471: Multipurpose Filter Smaihpac

    Sub-synchronous protection for wind turbines/wind farms • Detection of sub-synchronous oscillation between HVDC links and synchronous generators • Super-synchronous protection • Detection of presence of the geo-magnetic induced currents Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 472: Setting Guidelines

    A relay type used for generator subsynchronous resonance overcurrent protection shall be replaced. The relay had inverse time operating characteristic as given with the following formula: (Equation 257) EQUATION13000029 V1 EN Where: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 473 Section “Inverse time characteristics” in the TRM). æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ × ç ÷ æ ö ç ç ÷ ÷ > è ø è ø (Equation 259) EQUATION13000031 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 474 Setting Group1 Operation CurrentInput MaxPh IBase 1000 VoltageInput MaxPh UBase 20.50 OPerHarmRestr I_2ndI_fund 20.0 BlkLevel2nd 5000 EnRestrainCurr RestrCurrInput PosSeq RestrCurrCoeff 0.00 RCADir ROADir LowVolt_VM Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 475 Setting Group1 Operation_OC1 StartCurr_OC1 30.0 CurrMult_OC1 CurveType_OC1 Programmable tDef_OC1 0.00 k_OC1 1.00 tMin1 tMin_OC1 1.40 ResCrvType_OC1 Instantaneous tResetDef_OC1 0.00 P_OC1 1.000 A_OC1 118.55 B_OC1 0.640 C_OC1 0.000 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 477: Current Circuit Supervision Ccsspvc

    14.1.3 Setting guidelines GlobalBaseSel: Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase, UBase and SBase as applicable. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 478: Fuse Failure Supervision Fufspvc

    The first case influences the operation of all voltage-dependent functions while the second one does not affect the impedance measuring functions. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 479: Setting Guidelines

    Since the local breaker is open there is no current and the dead phase indication will persist in the phase with the blown fuse. When the local breaker Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 480: Negative Sequence Based

    The setting of the current limit 3I2< is in percentage of parameter IBase. The setting of 3I2< must be higher than the normal unbalance current that might exist in the system and can be calculated according to equation 262. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 481: Zero Sequence Based

    14.2.3.5 Delta U and delta I Set the operation mode selector OpDUDI to On if the delta function shall be in operation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 482: Dead Line Detection

    A safety margin of at least 15% is recommended. 14.3 Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC 14.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 483: Application

    VDSPVC output can be configured to block voltage dependent protection functions such as high-speed distance protection, undervoltage relays, underimpedance relays and so on. Main Vt circuit FuseFailSupvn IEC12000143-1-en.vsd IEC12000143 V1 EN Figure 222: Application of VDSPVC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 484: Setting Guidelines

    USealIn setting. The fuse failure outputs are deactivated when the normal voltage conditions are restored. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 485: Section 15 Control

    FreqDiffMin. If the frequency is less than FreqDiffMin the synchrocheck is used and the value of FreqDiffMin must thus be identical to the value FreqDiffM resp FreqDiffA for synchrocheck function. The bus and line Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 486: Synchrocheck

    The main purpose of the synchrocheck function is to provide control over the closing of circuit breakers in power networks in order to prevent closing if conditions for Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 487 Another example is the operation of a power network that is disturbed by a fault event: after the fault clearance a highspeed auto-reclosing takes place. This can cause a Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 488: Energizing Check

    CB B is energized (DLLB) from substation 1 via the circuit breaker A and energization of station 2 is done by CB B energization check device for that breaker DBLL. (or Both). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 489: Voltage Selection

    By checking the status of the disconnectors auxiliary contacts, the right voltages for the synchronizing, synchrocheck and energizing check functions can be selected. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 490: External Fuse Failure

    (B16I). If the PSTO input is used, connected to the Local-Remote switch on the local HMI, the choice can also be from the station HMI system, typically ABB Microscada through IEC 61850–8–1 communication.

  • Page 491: Application Examples

    The input used below in example are typical and can be changed by use of configuration and signal matrix tools. The SESRSYN and connected SMAI function block instances must have the same cycle time in the application configuration. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 492: Single Circuit Breaker With Single Busbar

    WA1_VT / WA2_VT ULN1FF LINE_MCB LINE_VT LINE IEC10000094-4-en.vsd IEC10000094 V4 EN Figure 228: Connection of SESRSYN function block in a single breaker, double busbar arrangement with external voltage selection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 493: Selection

    VT is connected to U3PLN1. The positions of the disconnectors and VT fuses shall be connected as shown in figure 229. The voltage selection parameter CBConfig is set to Double bus. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 494: Double Circuit Breaker

    U3PLN1 on all three function blocks and the voltage from line2 VT is connected to U3PLN2 on all three function blocks. The positions of the disconnectors and VT fuses shall be connected as shown in Figure 231. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 495 ULN1OK ULN1FF LINE2_MCB ULN2OK ULN2FF IEC10000097-4-en.vsd IEC10000097 V4 EN Figure 231: Connections of the SESRSYN function block in a 1 ½ breaker arrangement with internal voltage selection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 496 Setting CBConfig = 1 1/2 bus alt. CB If only two SESRSYN functions are provided in the same IED, the connections and settings are according to the SESRSYN functions for WA1_QA1 and TIE_QA1. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 497: Setting Guidelines

    2 respectively, which can be a single-phase (phase-neutral), two-phase (phase- phase) or a positive sequence voltage. CBConfig This configuration setting is used to define type of voltage selection. Type of voltage selection can be selected as: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 498 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 499 The setting tMinSynch is set to limit the minimum time at which the synchronizing closing attempt is given. The synchronizing function will not give a closing command Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 500 Circuit breaker closing is thus not permitted until the synchrocheck situation has remained constant throughout the set delay setting time. Manual closing is Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 501 The parameters must therefore be set carefully to avoid overlapping. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 502: Application

    The commands to an apparatus can be initiated from the Control Centre (CC), the station HMI or the local HMI on the IED front. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 503 The apparatus control function is realized by means of a number of function blocks designated: • Switch controller SCSWI • Circuit breaker SXCBR • Circuit switch SXSWI • Bay control QCBAY • Bay reserve QCRSV Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 504 Figure 234. IEC 61850 en05000116.vsd IEC05000116 V2 EN Figure 233: Signal flow between apparatus control function blocks when all functions are situated within the IED Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 505 IED, then the local/remote switch is under authority control, otherwise the default user can perform control operations from the local IED HMI without logging in. The default position of the local/remote switch is on remote. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 506: Bay Control Qcbay

    Remote (for example, control centre or station HMI) or from Local (local HMI on the IED) or from all (Local and Remote). The Local/Remote switch position can Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 507: Switch Controller Scswi

    SCSWI may handle and operate on one three-phase device or three one-phase switching devices. After the selection of an apparatus and before the execution, the switch controller performs the following checks and actions: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 508: Switches Sxcbr/Sxswi

    Supervision timer that the primary device starts moving after a command • Supervision of allowed time for intermediate position • Definition of pulse duration for open/close command respectively Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 509: Xlnproxy

    XLNPROXY function, their usage is controlled by the connection of each data’s signal input and valid input. These connections are usually from the GOOSEXLNRCV function (see Figure and Figure 237). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 510 Section 15 1MRK 502 071-UEN - Control IEC16000071 V1 EN Figure 236: Configuration with XLNPROXY and GOOSEXLNRCV where all the IEC 61850 modelled data is used, including selection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 511 SCSWI function. This cause is also shown on the output L_CAUSE as indicated in the following table: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 512: Reservation Function (Qcrsv And Resin)

    Actual position indications from these Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 513 Figure 239. This solution is realized with external auxiliary relays and extra binary inputs and outputs in each IED, but without use of function blocks QCRSV and RESIN. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 514: Interaction Between Modules

    Application principle for an alternative reservation solution 15.2.2 Interaction between modules A typical bay with apparatus control function consists of a combination of logical nodes or functions that are described here: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 515 The Generic Automatic Process Control function, GAPC, handles generic commands from the operator to the system. The overview of the interaction between these functions is shown in Figure below. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 516: Setting Guidelines

    Example overview of the interactions between functions in a typical 15.2.3 Setting guidelines The setting parameters for the apparatus control function are set via the local HMI or PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 517: Bay Control (Qcbay)

    When the time has expired, the function tries to start the synchronizing function. If tSynchrocheck is set to 0, no synchrocheck is done, before starting the synchronizing function. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 518: Switch (Sxcbr/Sxswi)

    Adaptive, it is the maximum length of the output pulse for an open command. The default length is set to 200 ms for a circuit breaker (SXCBR) and 500 ms for a disconnector (SXSWI). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 519: Xlnproxy

    15.2.3.6 Reservation input (RESIN) With the FutureUse parameter set to Bay future use the function can handle bays not yet installed in the SA system. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 520: Interlocking

    This dynamic state may continue for some time, which in the case of disconnectors may be up to 10 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 521: Configuration Guidelines

    242. The function can also be used for a double busbar arrangement without transfer busbar or a single busbar arrangement with/without transfer busbar. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 522: Signals From Bypass Busbar

    VPQB7TR The switch status for QB7 is valid. EXDU_BPB No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. For bay n, these conditions are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 523: Signals From Bus-Coupler

    The switch status of BC_12 is valid. VP_BC_17 The switch status of BC_17 is valid. VP_BC_27 The switch status of BC_27 is valid. EXDU_BC No transmission error from any bus-coupler bay (BC). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 524 The switch status of bus-section coupler BS is valid. EXDU_BS No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. For a line bay in section 1, these conditions are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 525: Configuration Setting

    If there is no bypass busbar and therefore no QB7 disconnector, then the interlocking for QB7 is not used. The states for QB7, QC71, BB7_D, BC_17, BC_27 are set to open Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 526: Interlocking For Bus-Coupler Bay Abc_Bc

    QC21_OP = 1 • QC21_CL = 0 • BC_12_CL = 0 • BC_27_OP = 1 • BC_27_CL = 0 • VP_BC_12 = 1 15.3.3 Interlocking for bus-coupler bay ABC_BC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 527: Application

    QB1 or QB2 or both are open. VPQB12TR The switch status of QB1 and QB2 are valid. EXDU_12 No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 528 No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers, the signals from the bus- section coupler bay (A1A2_BS), rather than the bus-section disconnector bay Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 529: Signals From Bus-Coupler

    Section 1 Section 2 (WA1)A1 (WA2)B1 (WA7)C A1A2_DC(BS) B1B2_DC(BS) ABC_BC ABC_BC en04000484.vsd IEC04000484 V1 EN Figure 250: Busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 530 The switch status of bus-section coupler BS is valid. EXDU_BS No transmission error from the bay containing the above information. For a bus-coupler bay in section 1, these conditions are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 531: Configuration Setting

    0 and 1 are designated 0=FALSE and 1=TRUE: • QB2_OP = 1 • QB2_CL = 0 • QB20_OP = 1 • QB20_CL = 0 • QC21_OP = 1 • QC21_CL = 0 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 532: Interlocking For Transformer Bay Ab_Trafo

    QA2 and QC4 are not used in this interlocking en04000515.vsd IEC04000515 V1 EN Figure 252: Switchyard layout AB_TRAFO The signals from other bays connected to the module AB_TRAFO are described below. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 533: Signals From Bus-Coupler

    If there is no second busbar B at the other side of the transformer and therefore no QB4 disconnector, then the state for QB4 is set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 534: Interlocking For Bus-Section Breaker A1A2_Bs

    Section 1 Section 2 (WA1)A1 (WA2)B1 (WA7)C A1A2_BS ABC_BC ABC_BC B1B2_BS ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO en04000489.vsd IEC04000489 V1 EN Figure 255: Busbars divided by bus-section circuit breakers Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 535 EXDU_BS No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. For a bus-section circuit breaker between A1 and A2 section busbars, these conditions are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 536 Signals from any bays for a bus-section circuit breaker between sections A1 and A2 For a bus-section circuit breaker between B1 and B2 section busbars, these conditions are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 537: Configuration Setting

    QA1 open circuit breaker is not used or the state for BBTR is set to open. That is, no busbar transfer is in progress in this bus-section: • BBTR_OP = 1 • VP_BBTR = 1 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 538: Interlocking For Bus-Section Disconnector A1A2_Dc

    (WA1)A1 (WA2)B1 (WA7)C A1A2_DC(BS) B1B2_DC(BS) ABC_BC ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO en04000493.vsd IEC04000493 V1 EN Figure 259: Busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) To derive the signals: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 539 No transmission error from the bay BS (bus-section coupler bay) that contains the above information. For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the A1 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 540 IEC04000495 V1 EN Figure 261: Signals from any bays in section A2 to a bus-section disconnector For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the B1 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 541: Signals In Double-Breaker Arrangement

    The same type of module (A1A2_DC) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnector A1A2_DC and B1B2_DC. But for B1B2_DC, corresponding signals from busbar B are used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 542 The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration “Signals in single breaker arrangement”. For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the A1 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 543 IEC04000500 V1 EN Figure 266: Signals from double-breaker bays in section A2 to a bus-section disconnector For a bus-section disconnector, these conditions from the B1 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 544: Signals In 1 1/2 Breaker Arrangement

    The same type of module (A1A2_DC) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnector A1A2_DC and B1B2_DC. But for B1B2_DC, corresponding signals from busbar B are used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 545: Interlocking For Busbar Earthing Switch Bb_Es

    The signals from other bays connected to the module BB_ES are described below. 15.3.7.2 Signals in single breaker arrangement The busbar earthing switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus- section are open. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 546 No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. If no bus-section disconnector exists, the signal DCOPTR, VPDCTR and EXDU_DC are set to 1 (TRUE). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 547 Signals from any bays in section A1 to a busbar earthing switch in the same section For a busbar earthing switch, these conditions from the A2 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 548 Signals from any bays in section B1 to a busbar earthing switch in the same section For a busbar earthing switch, these conditions from the B2 busbar section are valid: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 549: Signals In Double-Breaker Arrangement

    Signals from bypass busbar to busbar earthing switch 15.3.7.3 Signals in double-breaker arrangement The busbar earthing switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus section are open. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 550: Signals In 1 1/2 Breaker Arrangement

    15.3.7.4 Signals in 1 1/2 breaker arrangement The busbar earthing switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus- section are open. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 551: Interlocking For Double Cb Bay Db

    The interlocking for a double busbar double circuit breaker bay including DB_BUS_A, DB_BUS_B and DB_LINE functions are used for a line connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 279. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 552: Configuration Setting

    QB9_OP = VOLT_OFF • QB9_CL = VOLT_ON If there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inputs as follows: • VOLT_OFF = 1 • VOLT_ON = 0 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 553: Interlocking For 1 1/2 Cb Bh

    For application without QB9 and QC9, just set the appropriate inputs to open state and disregard the outputs. In the functional block diagram, 0 and 1 are designated 0=FALSE and 1=TRUE: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 554: Voltage Control

    The automatic voltage control can be either for a single transformer, or for parallel transformers. Parallel control of power transformers can be made in three alternative ways: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 555 On the IED front there is a local remote switch that can be used to select the operator place. For this functionality the Apparatus control function blocks Bay control (QCBAY), Local remote (LOCREM) and Local remote control (LOCREMCTRL) are used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 556 Thus, single-phase as well as, phase-phase or three- phase feeding on the LV-side is possible but it is commonly selected for current and voltage. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 557 Automatic voltage control for tap changer, single control TR1ATCC measures the magnitude of the busbar voltage U . If no other additional features are enabled (line voltage drop compensation), this voltage is further used for voltage regulation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 558 (settings Umin, and Umax). The fast step down function operation can be set in one of the following three ways: off /auto/auto and manual, according to the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 559 (Equation 269) EQUATION1986 V1 EN tMin (Equation 270) EQUATION1848 V2 EN Where: absolute voltage deviation from the set point relative voltage deviation in respect to set deadband value Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 560 The line voltage drop compensation function can be turned On/Off by the setting parameter OperationLDC. When it is enabled, the voltage U will be used by the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 561 Constant load voltage adjustment with four different preset values. In the first case the voltage adjustment is dependent on the load and maximum voltage adjustment should be obtained at rated load of the transformer. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 562 Three alternative methods can be used for parallel control with the Automatic voltage control for tap changer, single/parallel control TR8ATCC: • master-follower method • reverse reactance method • circulating current method Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 563 TapPosOffs (positive or negative integer value). The setting parameter tAutoMSF introduces a time delay on URAISE/ULOWER commands individually for each follower when setting MFMode has the value Follow Tap. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 564 The tap positions will diverge and finally end up in a runaway tap situation if no measures to avoid this are taken. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 565 U that coincides with the target voltage USet. IEC06000485_2_en.vsd IEC06000485 V3 EN Figure 287: Vector diagram for two transformers regulated exactly on target voltage. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 566 T2 will be the one to tap up. The overall performance will then be that the runaway tap situation will be avoided and that the circulating current will be minimized. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 567 TR8ATCC functions, in order to calculate the circulating current. The calculated circulating current I for transformer “i” is shown on the HMI as a cc_i service value ICIRCUL under Main menu/Test/Function status/Control/ TransformerVoltageControl(ATCC,90)/TR8ATCC:x. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 568 HMI as a service value USETPAR under Main menu/Test/Function status/ Control/TransformerVoltageControl(ATCC,90)/TR8ATCC:x. The use of mean USet is recommended for parallel operation with the circulating current method, especially in cases when Load Voltage Adjustment is also used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 569 It makes possible to keep a transformer energized from the HV side, but open on the LV side (hot stand-by), to follow the voltage regulation of Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 570 TR8ATCC in adapt mode will continue the calculation of U , but instead of adding to the measured busbar voltage, it will compare it with the deadband DU. The following control rules are used: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 571 However if the capacitive current is also considered in the calculation of the circulating current, then the influence can be compensated for. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 572 Q1, which makes it possible to calculate the reactive capacitance: (Equation 274) EQUATION1871 V1 EN Thereafter the current I at the actual measured voltage U can be calculated as: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 573 By combining the outputs with logical elements in application configuration, it is also possible to cover for example, intervals as well as areas in the P-Q plane. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 574 IED with setting TrfId = Tx, then the TxPG signal will always be set to 1. The parallel function will consider Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 575 Measured busbar voltage for this transformer ownLoadCurrim Measured load current imaginary part for this transformer ownLoadCurrre Measured load current real part for this transformer Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 576 TrfId=T1 T1RXOP= T2RXOP= T3RXOP= T4RXOP= T5RXOP= T6RXOP= T7RXOP= T8RXOP= TrfId=T2 T1RXOP= T2RXOP= T3RXOP= T4RXOP= T5RXOP= T6RXOP= T7RXOP= T8RXOP= TrfId=T3 T1RXOP= T2RXOP= T3RXOP= T4RXOP= T5RXOP= T6RXOP= T7RXOP= T8RXOP= Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 577 The outputs UBLK and TOTBLK or AUTOBLK will be activated depending on the actual parameter setting. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 578 TCMYLTC function block, or alternatively by changing control mode of TR1ATCC or TR8ATCC function to Manual and then back to Automatic. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 579 (alternatively an alarm) will be set. Setting parameters for blocking that can be set in TR1ATCC or TR8ATCC under setting group Nx in PST/ local HMI are listed in table 60. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 580 AUTOBLK will be activated. Deblocking is made via the input DEBLKAUT. Blockings activated by the operating conditions, without setting or separate external activation possibilities, are listed in table 62. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 581 TR8ATCCs that is, all units of the parallel group. The following conditions in any one of TR8ATCCs in the group will cause mutual blocking when the circulating current method is used: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 582 TR8ATCC function can be forced to single mode at any time. It will then behave exactly the same way as described in section "Automatic voltage control for a single Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 583 BIM module to TCMYLTC or TCLYLTC input TCINPROG, and it can then be used by TCMYLTC or TCLYLTC function in three ways, which is explained below with the help of figure 292. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 584 CMDERRAL is set high and TR1ATCC or TR8ATCC function is blocked. The fixed extension (g) 2 sec. of TCINPROG, is made to prevent a situation where this could happen despite no real malfunction. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 585 CLFactor, with default value is set to 2. With this default setting an operation at rated load (current measured on HV-side) decrements the ContactLife counter with 1. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 586: Setting Guidelines

    OCBk: Selection of action to be taken in case any of the three phase currents on the HV-side has exceeded Iblock. MFPosDiffBk: Selection of action to be taken in case the tap difference between a follower and the master is greater than MFPosDiffLim. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 587: Tr1Atcc Or Tr8Atcc Setting Group

    TR8ATCC for parallel control, is totally blocked for manual as well as automatic control. AutoBlock: When this setting is On the voltage control function, TR1ATCC for single control and TR8ATCC for parallel control, is blocked for automatic control. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 588 In the master- Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 589 (for example, assume two equal transformers on the same tap position). with the power factor j and the argument The load current lags the busbar voltage U of the impedance Rline and Xline is designated j1. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 590 If for example cosj = 0.8 then j = arcos 0.8 = 37°. With the references in figure 293, j will be negative (inductive load) and we get: j = - - ( 37 ) 90 (Equation 278) EQUATION1939 V1 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 591 One way of determining the setting is by trial and error. This can be done by setting e.g. Xline equal Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 592 This function typically monitors the three phase currents on the HV side of the transformer. DayHuntDetect: Setting of the number of tap changer operations required during the last 24 hours (sliding window) to activate the signal DAYHUNT Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 593 Reference is made to figure for definition of forward and reverse direction of power through the transformer. P< en06000635_2_en.vsd IEC06000635 V2 EN Figure 296: Setting of a positive value for P< Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 594 (in percent of transformer nominal voltage). • a is a safety margin that shall cover component tolerances and other non-linear measurements at different tap positions (for example, transformer reactances Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 595: Tcmyltc And Tclyltc General Settings

    HighVoltTap: This gives the tap position for the highest LV-voltage. mALow: The mA value that corresponds to the lowest tap position. Applicable when reading of the tap position is made via a mA signal. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 596: Logic Rotating Switch For Function Selection And Lhmi Presentation Slgapc

    Logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation SLGAPC 15.5.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Logic rotating switch for function SLGAPC selection and LHMI presentation Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 597: Application

    DOWN at the last position, the switch will jump to the first position; when set to Enabled, no jump will be allowed. 15.6 Selector mini switch VSGAPC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 598: Identification

    Also, being accessible on the single line diagram (SLD), this function block has two control modes (settable through CtlModel): Dir Norm and SBO Enh. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 599: Generic Communication Function For Double Point Indication Dpgapc

    Table 63: Description of the input-output relationship POSITION VALID OPEN CLOSE Value Description Intermediate Intermediate Open Closed Bad State Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 600: Setting Guidelines

    PulseModex: decides if the command signal for output x is Latched (steady) or Pulsed. tPulsex: if PulseModex is set to Pulsed, then tPulsex will set the length of the pulse (in seconds). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 601: Automationbits, Command Function For Dnp3.0 Autobits

    PCM600. 15.10 Single command, 16 signals SINGLECMD 15.10.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Single command, 16 signals SINGLECMD Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 602: Application

    Figure and figure show other ways to control functions, which require steady On/Off signals. Here, the output is used to control built-in functions or external devices. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 603: Setting Guidelines

    Application example showing a logic diagram for control of external devices via configuration logic circuits 15.10.3 Setting guidelines The parameters for Single command, 16 signals (SINGLECMD) are set via the local HMI or PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 604 0 to 1. That means the configured logic connected to the command function block may not have a cycle time longer than the cycle time for the command function block. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 605: Tripping Logic Smpptrc

    In the case of a permanent fault, only one of the breakers has to be Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 606: Three-Phase Tripping

    PSL3 1PTRZ STL1 1PTREF STL2 P3PTR STL3 SETLKOUT RSTLKOUT STDIR IEC05000544=3=en.vsdx IEC05000544 V3 EN Figure 301: Tripping logic SMPPTRC is used for a simple three-phase tripping application Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 607: Single- And/Or Three-Phase Tripping

    Other back-up functions are connected to the input TRIN as described above for three- phase tripping. A typical connection for a single-phase tripping scheme is shown in figure 302. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 608: Single-, Two- Or Three-Phase Tripping

    CLLKOUT or initiate the block closing output and also maintain the trip signal output TR3P (latched trip). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 609: Example Of Directional Data

    16.1.2.5 Example of directional data An example how to connect the directional data from different application functions to the trip function is given below, see Figure 303: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 610 START, STL1, STL2, STL3, FW and REV. All start and directional outputs are mapped to the logical node data model of the trip function and provided via the 61850 dirGeneral, DIRL1, DIRL2, DIRL3. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 611: Blocking Of The Function Block

    If no phase selection has been achieved, a three-phase trip will be issued after this time has elapsed. tEvolvingFault: Secures two- or three-pole tripping depending on Program selection at evolving faults. 16.2 Trip matrix logic TMAGAPC Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 612: Identification

    ModeOutputx: Defines if output signal OUTPUTx (where x=1-3) is Steady or Pulsed. 16.3 Logic for group alarm ALMCALH 16.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Logic for group alarm ALMCALH Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 613: Application

    OperationOn or Off 16.5 Logic for group indication INDCALH 16.5.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Logic for group indication INDCALH Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 614: Application

    For controllable gates, settable timers and SR flip-flops with memory, the setting parameters are accessible via the local HMI or via the PST tool. 16.6.2.1 Configuration Logic is configured using the ACT configuration tool in PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 615 Remember to design the logic circuits carefully and always check the execution sequence for different functions. In other cases, additional time delays must be introduced into the logic schemes to prevent errors, for example, race between functions. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 616: Fixed Signal Function Block Fxdsign

    Since all group connections are mandatory to be connected, the third input needs to be connected to something, which is the GRP_OFF signal in FXDSIGN function block. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 617: Boolean 16 To Integer Conversion B16I

    Values of each of the different OUTx from function block B16I for 1≤x≤16. The sum of the value on each INx corresponds to the integer presented on the output OUT on the function block B16I. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 618: Boolean To Integer Conversion With Logical Node Representation 16 Bit Btigapc

    Boolean to integer conversion with logical node representation, 16 bit (BTIGAPC) is used to transform a set of 16 binary (logical) signals into an integer. BTIGAPC has a logical node mapping in IEC 61850. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 619: Integer To Boolean 16 Conversion Ib16

    1≤x≤16) are active that is=1; is 65535. 65535 is the highest boolean value that can be converted to an integer by the BTIGAPC function block. 16.10 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion IB16 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 620: Identification

    Input 11 1024 IN12 BOOLEAN Input 12 2048 IN13 BOOLEAN Input 13 4096 IN14 BOOLEAN Input 14 8192 IN15 BOOLEAN Input 15 16384 IN16 BOOLEAN Input 16 32768 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 621: Itbgapc

    Output 3 OUT4 BOOLEAN Output 4 OUT5 BOOLEAN Output 5 OUT6 BOOLEAN Output 6 OUT7 BOOLEAN Output 7 OUT8 BOOLEAN Output 8 Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 622: Pulse Integrator Tigapc

    The output will be deactivated when the input signal is deactivated and the time delay to reset has elapsed. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 623: Elapsed Time Integrator With Limit Transgression And Overflow Supervision Teigapc

    Note that tAlarm and tWarning are independent settings, that is, there is no check if tAlarm > tWarning. The limit for the overflow supervision is fixed at 999999.9 seconds. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 624: Comparator For Integer Inputs - Intcomp

    SetValue: This setting is used to set the reference value for comparison when setting RefSource is selected as SetValue. 16.14.4 Setting example For absolute comparison between inputs: Set the EnaAbs = Absolute Set the RefSource = Input REF Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 625: Comparator For Real Inputs - Realcomp

    EnaAbs: This setting is used to select the comparison type between signed and absolute values. • Absolute: Comparison is performed with absolute values of input and reference. • Signed: Comparison is performed with signed values of input and reference. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 626: Setting Example

    INEQUAL will set when the INPUT is between the ranges of 95 to 105 kA. INHIGH will set when the INPUT crosses above 105 kA. INLOW will set when the INPUT crosses below 95 kA. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 627 INPUT and REF. Then the settings should be adjusted as below, EnaAbs = Absolute RefSource = Input REF EqualBandHigh = 5.0 % of reference value EqualBandLow = 5.0 % of reference value. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 629: Measurement

    HMI, monitoring tool within PCM600 or to station level for example, via IEC 61850. The possibility to continuously monitor measured values of active power, reactive power, currents, voltages, frequency, power factor etc. is vital Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 630 The measured power quantities are available either, as instantaneously calculated quantities or, averaged values over a period of time (low pass filtered) depending on the selected settings. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 631: Zero Clamping

    System mean voltage, calculated according to selected mode System mean current, calculated according to selected mode Frequency Relevant settings and their values on the local HMI under Main menu/Settings/IED settings/Monitoring/Servicevalues(P_Q)/CVMMXN(P_Q): Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 632: Setting Guidelines

    Ur, where Y is equal to 5, 30 or 100. IAmpCompY: Amplitude compensation to calibrate current measurements at Y% of Ir, where Y is equal to 5, 30 or 100. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 633 XHiHiLim: High-high limit. Set as % of YBase (Y is SBase for S,P,Q UBase for Voltage measurement and IBase for current measurement). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 634 The factors will then be used for all related channels. IEC05000652 V2 EN Figure 308: Calibration curves Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 635: Setting Examples

    Set correctly CT and VT data and phase angle reference channel PhaseAngleRef using PCM600 for analog input channels Connect, in PCM600, measurement function to three-phase CT and VT inputs Set under General settings parameters for the Measurement function: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 636 2000 Set ±Δdb=40 MW that is, 2% 0.001% of range, Int Db: In (larger changes than 40 MW will 0.001%s be reported) Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 637 Angle pre-calibration for current 0.00 at 100% of Ir Measurement function application for a power transformer Single line diagram for this application is given in figure 310. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 638 Connect, in PCM600, measurement function to LV side CT & VT inputs Set the setting parameters for relevant Measurement function as shown in the following table 68: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 639 Base setting for power in MVA 31.5 Set based on rated power Global base) Measurement function application for a generator Single line diagram for this application is given in figure 311. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 640 PhaseAngleRef using PCM600 for analog input channels Connect, in PCM600, measurement function to the generator CT & VT inputs Set the setting parameters for relevant Measurement function as shown in the following table: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 641: Gas Medium Supervision Ssimg

    The function generates alarms based on the received information. 17.2.3 Setting guidelines The parameters for Gas medium supervision SSIMG can be set via local HMI or Protection and Control Manager PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 642: Liquid Medium Supervision Ssiml

    17.3 Liquid medium supervision SSIML 17.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Insulation liquid monitoring function SSIML Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 643: Application

    This is used for the temperature lockout indication to reset after a set time delay in s. tResetTempAlm: This is used for the temperature alarm indication to reset after a set time delay in s. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 644: Breaker Monitoring Sscbr

    Circuit breaker manufacturers provide the number of make-break operations possible at various interrupted currents. An example is shown in figure 312. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 645 Breaker interrupts between rated operating current and rated fault current, that is, 10 kA, one operation at 10kA is equivalent to 10000/900 = 11 operations at the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 646: Setting Guidelines

    The breaker requires maintenance when the number of operations has reached a predefined value. For proper functioning of the circuit breaker, it is also essential to monitor the circuit breaker operation, spring charge indication or breaker Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 647: Setting Procedure On The Ied

    Time delay for gas pressure alarm. tDGasPresLO: Time delay for gas pressure lockout. DirCoef: Directional coefficient for circuit breaker life calculation. RatedOperCurr: Rated operating current of the circuit breaker. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 648: Event Function Event

    HMI (Main Menu/Settings / IED Settings / Monitoring / Event Function) or via the Parameter Setting Tool (PST). EventMask (Ch_1 - 16) The inputs can be set individually as: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 649: Disturbance Report Drprdre

    These tasks are accomplished by the disturbance report function DRPRDRE and facilitate a better understanding of the power system behavior and related primary and secondary equipment during and after Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 650: Setting Guidelines

    The name is used in all related functions (Disturbance recorder (DR), Event recorder (ER), Indication (IND), Trip value recorder (TVR) and Event list (EL)). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 651 Steady light Triggered on binary signal N with SetLEDx = Start (or Start and Trip) Flashing light The IED is in test mode Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 652 The IED flash disk should NOT be used to store any user files. This might cause disturbance recordings to be deleted due to lack of disk space. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 653: Recording Times

    Binary input signals Up to 352 binary signals can be selected among internal logical and binary input signals. The configuration tool is used to configure the signals. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 654: Analog Input Signals

    M in percent of nominal value. 17.6.3.4 Sub-function parameters All functions are in operation as long as Disturbance report is in operation. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 655: Consideration

    How long is the longest expected fault clearing time? • Is it necessary to include reclosure in the recording or should a persistent fault generate a second recording (PostRetrig)? Minimize the number of recordings: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 656: Logical Signal Status Report Binstatrep

    INPUTn OUTPUTn IEC09000732-1-en.vsd IEC09000732 V1 EN Figure 314: BINSTATREP logical diagram Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 657: Setting Guidelines

    In this case, periodic pulses will be generated at multiple overflow of the function. 17.8.3 Setting guidelines The parameters for Limit counter L4UFCNT are set via the local HMI or PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 658: Running Hour-Meter Teilgapc

    IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Estimation of transformer winding LOLSPTR 26/49HS insulation life 3Ihp>T 17.10.1 Application A typical power transformer is composed of: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 659 Consequences of transformer failures are more severe for larger sizes than for smaller ones. As per IEC 60076 guidelines, reasonable risk degree for the expected duties are categorized into three types: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 660 Hot spot Top of Top oil winding Top of winding Average winding Average oil Bottom oil Bottom of winding Temperature IEC15000440-1-en.vsdx IEC15000440 V1 EN Figure 315: Thermal diagram Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 661 • Short time emergency loading: Unusually heavy loading for short time due to occurrence of one or more unwanted events that disturb the normal system loading seriously. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 662 Insulation aging or deterioration is a time function of temperature, moisture content, and oxygen content. With modern oil preservation systems, the moisture and oxygen Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 663: Setting Guidelines

    Three Phase Trafo: The function considers the given transformer as three phase transformer. • Single Phase Trafo: The function considers the given transformer as single phase transformer. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 664 The function takes phase currents of each winding as input. From each winding, only one phase current is considered for load factor calculation. The options are: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 665 Time required for the top oil temperature in relation to ambient temperature to reach its ultimate value is a function of the thermal oil time constant. The function has the following settings related to oil time constant. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 666 The function has the following settings related to winding time constant. WdgTmConstMode: This setting is used to select the winding time constant mode of input to the function. It has three options: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 667 MassW1: This setting is used to set the mass of the winding 1. MassW2: This setting is used to set the mass of the winding 2. MassW3: This setting is used to set the mass of the winding 3. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 668 JuneAmbTmp: This setting is used to set the June month average ambient temperature. JulyAmbTmp: This setting is used to set the July month average ambient temperature. AugAmbTmp: This setting is used to set the August month average ambient temperature. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 669 A for winding 2. CurrTypeTestW3: This setting is used to set the RMS value of the current which is applied during the type test in A for winding 3. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 670 If warning level exceeds for the set time, an alarm is generated. IEEE C57.96-1995 has suggested maximum temperature limits for the four types of loading, see table 71. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 671: Setting Example

    50 Hz Rated Power 500 MVA / 500 MVA / 20 MVA Voltage ratio 415 kV / 230 kV / 20 kV Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 672: Function (Lol1)

    Tap changer is with winding 2 and it is mentioned that voltage difference 1.67 % of winding 2 rated voltage. Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 673 Set the transformer winding to oil 20° C temperature gradient for the winding 3 when the winding time constant mode is selected as Calculated Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 674 AprilAmbTmp 30° C Set the April month average ambient temperature for the calculation of top oil temperature when ambient temperature sensor failure/absence Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 675 Set the current applied to the winding 2 during type test CurrTypeTestW3 577.0 A Set the current applied to the winding 3 during type test Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 676 2 warning tDelayToAlarm1 Set the time delay for the alarm level 1 1800 sec tDelayToAlarm2 900 sec Set the time delay for the alarm level 2 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 677: Pulse-Counter Logic Pcfcnt

    Parameters that can be set individually for each pulse counter from PCM600: • Operation: Off/On • tReporting: 0-3600s • EventMask: NoEvents/ReportEvents Configuration of inputs and outputs of PCFCNT is made via PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 678: Function For Energy Calculation And Demand Handling Etpmmtr

    (CVMMXN). This function has a site calibration possibility to further increase the total accuracy. The function is connected to the instantaneous outputs of (CVMMXN) as shown in figure 317. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 679: Setting Guidelines

    The following settings can be done for the energy calculation and demand handling function ETPMMTR: GlobalBaseSel: Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase, UBase and SBase as applicable. Operation: Off/On Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 680 For the advanced user there are a number of settings for direction, zero clamping, max limit, and so on. Normally, the default values are suitable for these parameters. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 681: Access Point

    ECT creates the access point in the SCL model. Unselecting the subnetwork removes the access point from the SCL model. This column is editable for IEC61850 Ed2 IEDs and not editable for Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 682: Redundant Communication

    IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number IEC 62439-3 Parallel redundancy protocol IEC 62439-3 High-availability seamless redundancy Access point diagnostic for redundant RCHLCCH Ethernet ports Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 683: Application

    Device 1 PhyPortA PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortB Switch A Switch B PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortA PhyPortB Device 4 Device 3 IEC09000758-4-en.vsd IEC09000758 V4 EN Figure 318: Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 684: Setting Guidelines

    PRP-1 and HSR can be combined in a mixed network. If the access point is not taken into operation, the write option in Ethernet Configuration Tool can be used to activate the access point. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 685: Merging Unit

    (or subscribers) in the system. Some merging units are able to get data from classical measuring transformers, others from non-conventional measuring transducers and yet others can pick up data from both types. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 686: Setting Guidelines

    Operation for the route can be set to On/Off by checking and unchecking the check- box in the operation column. Gateway specifies the address of the gateway. Destination specifies the destination. Destination subnet mask specifies the subnetwork mask of the destination. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 687: Communication Protocols

    IEC 61850–8–1 configuration. IEC 61850–8–1 specifies only the interface to the substation LAN. The LAN itself is left to the system integrator. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 688 GOOSE peer-to-peer communication. Station HSI MicroSCADA Gateway GOOSE Control Protection Control and protection Control Protection en05000734.vsd IEC05000734 V1 EN Figure 323: Example of a broadcasted GOOSE message Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 689: Setting Guidelines

    The settings available for Generic communication function for Measured Value (MVGAPC) function allows the user to choose a deadband and a zero deadband for the monitored signal. Values within the zero deadband are considered as zero. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 690: Receiving Data

    Input2 Noput CommValid Input3 Input3 Test Input4 Input4 IEC16000082=1=en.vsd IEC16000082 V1 EN Figure 324: GOOSESPRCV and AND function blocks - checking the validity of the received data Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 691: Iec/Uca 61850-9-2Le Communication Protocol

    B of the standard, depending on what are the needs for sampled data in a substation. IEC06000537 V1 EN Figure 325: Example of a station configuration with separated process bus and station bus Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 692 (like a Rogowski coil or a capacitive divider) can represent a MU by itself as long as it can send sampled data over process bus. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 693: Setting Guidelines

    Example of a station configuration with the IED receiving analog values from both classical measuring transformers and merging units. 20.3.2 Setting guidelines Merging Units (MUs) have several settings on local HMI under: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 694: Specific Settings Related To The Iec/Uca 61850-9-2Le Communication

    329, the protection functions in table are blocked as per graceful degradation. Case 1: local remote Direct transfer trip (DTT) IEC13000298-2-en.vsd IEC13000298 V2 EN Figure 327: Normal operation Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 695 →DTT from the remote end is not working. local remote Direct transfer trip (DTT) Not OK Not OK IEC13000300-2-en.vsd IEC13000300 V2 EN Figure 329: MU failed, 9-2 system Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 696 Insulation liquid SSIML accumulation monitoring protection Fuse failure FUFSPVC Stub protection STBPTOC supervision Generator differential GENPDIF Transformer differential T2WPDIF protection protection, two winding Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 697 ZMCPDIS logic for differential zone, quadrilateral protection characteristic for series compensated lines Loss of excitation LEXPDIS Fullscheme distance ZMHPDIS protection, mho characteristic Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 698: Synchronization

    MU, and binary events use the internal IED time. It is thus recommended to use time synchronization also when analog data emanate from only one MU. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 699 • SyncAccLevel: can be set to 1μs since this corresponds to a maximum phase angle error of 0.018 degrees at 50Hz Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 700 SyncLostMode : set to Block to block protection functions if time synchronization is lost • SyncAccLevel: can be set to 4μs since this corresponds to a maximum phase angle error of 0.072 degrees at 50Hz Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 701 PPS / IRIG-B IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE data STATION CLOCK IEC10000074=2=en=Original.vsd IEC10000074 V2 EN Figure 332: Setting example with external synchronization Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/ Synchronization/TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 702 Figure 333: Setting example without time synchronization It is also possible to use IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication without time synchronization. Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/ Synchronization/TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 703: Iec 61850 Quality Expander Qualexp

    MU channel quality information during the online monitoring in the ACT. The quality expander function is intended for monitoring purposes, not for being used in a logic controlling the behaviour of the protection Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 704: Lon Communication Protocol

    Glass fibre Plastic fibre Cable connector ST-connector snap-in connector Cable diameter 62.5/125 m 1 mm Max. cable length 1000 m 10 m Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 705 The communication speed of the LON bus is set to the default of 1.25 Mbit/s. This can be changed by LNT. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 706: Multicmdrcv And Multicmdsnd

    • Optical fibres from the IED to the utility substation LAN • PC connected to the utility office LAN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 707: Setting Guidelines

    When the communication protocol is selected, the IED is automatically restarted, and the port then operates as a SPA port. The SPA communication setting parameters are set on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Communication/Station communication/SPA/SPA:1. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 708 The IED does not adapt its speed to the actual communication conditions because the communication speed is set on the local HMI. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 709: Iec 60870-5-103 Communication Protocol

    The master must have software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103 communication messages. For detailed information about IEC 60870-5-103, refer to IEC 60870 standard part 5: Transmission protocols, and to the Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 710: Design

    Function block with pre-defined functions in control direction, I103CMD. This block includes the FUNCTION TYPE parameter, and the INFORMATION NUMBER parameter is defined for each output signal. • Function commands in control direction Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 711 INFORMATION NUMBER parameter is defined for each input signal. This block is suitable for distance protection, line differential, transformer differential, over-current and earth-fault protection functions. • Autorecloser indications in monitor direction Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 712: Settings

    A1RADR to A4RADR. The eight first ones belong to the public range and the remaining ones to the private range. 20.6.2 Settings Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 713: Settings For Rs485 And Optical Serial Communication

    RS485PROT:1 (off, DNP, IEC103) • SLM optical serial port • PROTOCOL:1 (off, DNP, IEC103, SPA) GUID-CD4EB23C-65E7-4ED5-AFB1-A9D5E9EE7CA8 V3 EN GUID-CD4EB23C-65E7-4ED5-AFB1-A9D5E9EE7CA8 V3 EN Figure 338: Settings for IEC 60870-5-103 communication Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 714: Settings From Pcm600

    0 and 255. To get INF and FUN for the recorded binary signals, there are parameters on the disturbance recorder for each Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 715 Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 716: Function And Information Types

    Glass or plastic fibre should be used. BFOC/2.5 is the recommended interface to use (BFOC/2.5 is the same as ST connectors). ST connectors are used with the optical power as specified in standard. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 717: Dnp3 Communication Protocol

    20.7 DNP3 Communication protocol 20.7.1 Application For more information on the application and setting guidelines for the DNP3 communication protocol refer to the DNP3 Communication protocol manual. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 719: Section 21 Remote Communication

    Figure 339, only IED-B has access to all currents and, therefore, this is the only place where the differential current is evaluated. If the evaluation results in a trip, the trip signal will be sent over the two communication links. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 720: Communication Hardware Solutions

    IEDs can be connected over a direct fibre (multimode), as shown in figure 340. The protocol used is IEEE/ANSI C37.94. The distance with this solution is typical 110 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 721: Setting Guidelines

    IEDs in the system is out of service: it can either be done on the IED out of service by setting all local LDCMs to channel mode OutOfService or at the remote end by setting Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 722 Slot 306: redundant channel The same is applicable for slot 312-313 and slot 322-323. DiffSync defines the method of time synchronization for the line differential function: Echo or GPS. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 723 MaxtDiffLevel indicates the maximum time difference allowed between internal clocks in respective line ends. 64 kbit mode specific settings TransmCurr is used to select among the following: Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 724 LinkForwarded is used to configure the LDCM to merge the inter-trip and block signals from another LDCM-receiver. This is used when the analog signals for the LDCM-transmitter is connected to the receiver of another LDCM. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 725: Section 22 Security

    Apart from the built-in supervision of the various modules, events are also generated when the status changes for the: • built-in real time clock (in operation/out of order). • external time synchronization (in operation/out of order). Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 726: Change Lock Chnglck

    The binary input controlling the function is defined in ACT or SMT. The CHNGLCK function is configured using ACT. LOCK Binary input signal that will activate/deactivate the function, defined in ACT or SMT. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 727: Denial Of Service Schlcch/Rchlcch

    LinkStatus indicates the Ethernet link status for the front port 22.4.2 Setting guidelines The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 729: Section 23 Basic Ied Functions

    OrderingNo • ProductionDate • IEDProdType This information is very helpful when interacting with ABB product support (for example during repair and maintenance). 23.2.2 Factory defined settings The factory defined settings are very useful for identifying a specific version and very helpful in the case of maintenance, repair, interchanging IEDs between different Substation Automation Systems and upgrading.

  • Page 730: Measured Value Expander Block Range_Xp

    • ProductionDate 23.3 Measured value expander block RANGE_XP 23.3.1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Measured value expander block RANGE_XP Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 731: Application

    MAXSETGR and shall be set to the required value for each IED. Only the number of setting groups set will be available in the Parameter Setting tool for activation with the ActiveGroup function block. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 732: Setting Guidelines

    The analog summation block 3PHSUM function block is used in order to get the sum of two sets of 3 phase analog signals (of the same type) for those IED functions that might need it. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 733: Setting Guidelines

    UBase: Phase-to-phase voltage value to be used as a base value for applicable functions throughout the IED. IBase: Phase current value to be used as a base value for applicable functions throughout the IED. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 734: Signal Matrix For Binary Inputs Smbi

    SMBO instance and SMBO outputs, directly in the Application Configuration tool. These names will define SMBO function in the Signal Matrix tool. 23.10 Signal matrix for mA inputs SMMI Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 735: Application

    Ph, the user is advised to connect two (not three) of the inputs GRPxL1, GRPxL2 and GRPxL3 to the same voltage input as shown in figure to make SMAI calculate a positive sequence voltage. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 736: Setting Guidelines

    – 244 values in total). Besides the block “group name”, the analog inputs type (voltage or current) and the analog input names that can be set directly in ACT. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 737 Preprocessing block shall only be used to feed functions within the same execution cycles (e.g. use preprocessing block with cycle 1 to feed transformer differential protection). The only exceptions are Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 738 (e.g. over-power function GOPPDOP), it is of outmost importance that parameter setting DFTReference has the same set value for all of the preprocessing blocks involved Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 739 In other application the usual setting of the parameter DFTReference of SMAI is InternalDFTRef. Example 1 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 740 SMAI1:13 as reference (SMAI7:7) For task time group 3 this gives the following settings: SMAI1:25 – SMAI12:36: DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference (SMAI7:7) Example 2 Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 741 SMAI4:16 as reference. For task time group 3 this gives the following settings: SMAI1:25 – SMAI12:36: DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference (SMAI4:16) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 742: Test Mode Functionality Testmode

    LHMI. If a function of an IED is set to Off, the related Beh is set to Off as well. The related mod keeps its current state. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 743: Setting Guidelines

    Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 744 If PTP is activated, the device with the best accuracy within the synchronizing group will be selected as the source. For more information about PTP, see the Technical manual. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 745: Setting Guidelines

    FineSyncSource which can have the following values: • • • • BIN (Binary Minute Pulse) • • GPS+SPA • GPS+LON • GPS+BIN • SNTP • GPS+SNTP • IRIG-B • GPS+IRIG-B • Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 746 A PTP-group is set up by connecting the IEDs to a network and enabling PTP. To set one IED as the grandmaster change Priority2 to 127 instead of the default 128. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 747 PTP compliant. As a side effect, the GTM contains a GPS receiver and the REL acts as a backup of the GPS on the station bus. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 748: Process Bus Iec/Uca 61850-9-2Le Synchronization

    PPS output from the GTM module is used to synchronize the merging unit and PTP is not used, the IED does not know how the merging unit is synchronized and the parameter LostSyncMode must be set to NoBlock. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 749: Section 24 Requirements

    CTs are also classified as for example, class TPX, P and PX according to IEC. The IEC TR 61869-100, Edition 1.0 2017-01, Instrument transformers – Guidance for application of current transformers Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 750 So far remanence factors of maximum 80% have been considered when CT requirements have been decided for ABB IEDs. Even in the future this level of remanent flux probably will be the maximum level that will be considered when decided the CT requirements.

  • Page 751: Conditions

    VHR type CTs (i.e. with new material) to be used together with ABB protection IEDs. However, this may result in unacceptably big CT cores, which can be difficult to manufacture and fit in available space.

  • Page 752: Fault Current

    It should be verified that the current to the protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 753: Rated Equivalent Secondary E.m.f. Requirements

    CT (TPZ) is not well defined as far as the phase angle error is concerned. If no explicit recommendation is given for a specific function we therefore recommend contacting ABB to confirm that the non remanence type can be used. The CT requirements for the different functions below are specified as a rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f.
  • Page 754 . The resistivity for cupper at 75 C° is 0.021 Ω m With this value × × 0.021 (Equation 283) EQUATION2528 V2 EN The total additional burden in our example is 0.3 Ω for both CTs. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 755 Section 24 1MRK 502 071-UEN - Requirements Calculation example 1 Verify that the existing CTs fulfil the requirements for the REG670 generator differential protection in the following application. Ext fault IEC11000215-1-en.vsd IEC11000215 V1 EN Figure 348: Generator data: Rated apparent power:...
  • Page 756 CTs and provide CT manufacturers with necessary CT data. The rated current of the generator and the fault current for a three phase external short circuit is calculated. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 757 5 VA and R < 3 Ω shall fulfil the following: ³ × × × × ALF I ALF 1 3 5 (Equation 296) EQUATION2539 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 758 If the CT shall be specified as a class PX the following relation between the knee point e.m.f. E and R shall be fulfilled: ³ ³ 24.4 19.5 × 0.8 R (Equation 301) EQUATION2544 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 759: Transformer Differential Protection

    ç ÷ alreq è ø (Equation 304) EQUATION1414 V2 EN where: Maximum primary fundamental frequency current that passes two main CTs without passing the power transformer (A) Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 760: Breaker Failure Protection

    ç ÷ alreq è ø (Equation 306) EQUATION2237 V2 EN æ ö ³ = × × × ç ÷ alreq è ø (Equation 307) EQUATION2238 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 761 Maximum primary fundamental frequency phase-to-earth fault current that passes the CTs and the power transformer neutral (A) The rated primary CT current (A) The rated secondary CT current (A) Table continues on next page Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 762 To cover these cases, with summation of zero sequence currents from more than one CT, the phase side CTs must fulfill the Requirement below: æ ö ³ × × ç ÷ alreq è ø (Equation 311) EQUATION2242 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 763: Standards

    CTs according to class PX, PXR, X and TPS must have a rated knee point e.m.f. that fulfills the following: knee » » » > × 0.8 maximum of E knee kneeBS alreq (Equation 313) EQUATION2100 V2 EN Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 764: Current Transformers According To Ansi/Ieee

    The performance of a protection function will depend on the quality of the measured input signal. Transients caused by capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) can affect some protection functions. Magnetic or capacitive voltage transformers can be used. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 765: Sntp Server Requirements

    Bit Error Rate (BER) for high availability of the differential protection • <10 during normal operation • <10 during disturbed operation Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 766: Iec/Uca 61850-9-2Le Merging Unit Requirements

    Independent of asymmetry. 24.6 IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE Merging unit requirements The merging units that supply the IED with measured values via the process bus must fulfill the IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE standard. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 767 In principle the accuracy of the current and voltage transformers, together with the merging unit, shall have the same quality as direct input of currents and voltages. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...

  • Page 769: Section 25 Glossary

    Binary signal transfer function, transmit blocks C37.94 IEEE/ANSI protocol used when sending binary signals between IEDs Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communication Circuit breaker Combined backplane module Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 770 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (The US developer of the TCP/IP protocol etc.) DBDL Dead bus dead line DBLL Dead bus live line Direct current Data flow control Discrete Fourier transform Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 771 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local telephone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalanced lines Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver module Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 772 PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for the electrical EMF (Electromotive force). IEEE 1686 Standard for Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Cyber Security Capabilities Intelligent electronic device IET600 Integrated engineering tool Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 773 Miniature circuit breaker Mezzanine carrier module Milli-ampere module Main processing module MVAL Value of measurement Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains. Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 774 Relay characteristic angle RISC Reduced instruction set computer RMS value Root mean square value RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point-to-point connections Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 775 Transmission control protocol. The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet. TCP/IP Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol. The de facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 776 "Zulu time." "Zulu" in the phonetic alphabet stands for "Z", which stands for longitude zero. Undervoltage Weak end infeed logic Voltage transformer Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 777 Three times zero-sequence current.Often referred to as the residual or the earth-fault current Three times the zero sequence voltage. Often referred to as the residual voltage or the neutral point voltage Generator protection REG670 2.2 IEC and Injection equipment REX060, REX061, REX062 Application manual...
  • Page 780 — ABB AB Grid Automation Products 721 59 Västerås, Sweden Phone: +46 (0) 21 32 50 00 abb.com/protection-control © Copyright 2017 ABB. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.

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