ABB RELION 650 Series Commissioning Manual
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ABB RELION 650 Series Commissioning Manual

ABB RELION 650 Series Commissioning Manual

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R E L I O N ® 650 SERIES
Line distance protection REL650
Version 2.1
Commissioning manual

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Summary of Contents for ABB RELION 650 Series

  • Page 1 — R E L I O N ® 650 SERIES Line distance protection REL650 Version 2.1 Commissioning manual...
  • Page 3 Document ID: 1MRK 506 366-UEN Issued: March 2019 Revision: A Product version: 2.1 © Copyright 2016 ABB. All rights reserved...
  • Page 4 Copyright This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.
  • Page 5 This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to notify the manufacturer.
  • Page 6 (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Table of contents Table of contents Section 1 Introduction......................9 This manual............................9 Intended audience..........................9 Product documentation......................... 10 1.3.1 Product documentation set...................... 10 1.3.2 Document revision history......................11 1.3.3 Related documents........................11 Document symbols and conventions................... 12 1.4.1 Symbols............................12 1.4.2 Document conventions.......................13 IEC 61850 edition 1 / edition 2 mapping..................
  • Page 8 Table of contents Section 5 Configuring the IED and changing settings..........39 Overview............................39 Configuring analog CT inputs....................... 39 Supervision of input/output modules..................40 Section 6 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC communication..41 Entering settings..........................41 6.1.1 Entering SPA settings......................... 41 6.1.2 Entering IEC settings........................
  • Page 9 Table of contents 9.8.4.2 Undo forcing by using LHMI....................60 9.8.4.3 Undo forcing by using PCM600.................... 60 Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection..........63 10.1 Testing disturbance report......................63 10.1.1 Introduction..........................63 10.1.2 Disturbance report settings......................63 10.1.3 Disturbance recorder (DR)......................63 10.1.4 Event recorder (ER) and Event list (EL)...................
  • Page 10 Table of contents Current&Contact ..............77 10.5.5.8 Verifying the function mode 10.5.5.9 Completing the test......................... 77 10.5.6 Pole discordance protection CCPDSC..................77 10.5.6.1 Verifying the settings......................77 10.5.6.2 Completing the test.........................78 10.6 Voltage protection...........................78 10.6.1 Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV ............... 78 10.6.1.1 Verifying the settings......................
  • Page 11 Table of contents 10.9.2.1 Preparation of the verification ..................... 95 On and Off ..95 10.9.2.2 Switching the autorecloser for 1/2/3-phase operation function to 10.9.2.3 Verifying the autorecloser function SMBRREC ..............96 10.9.2.4 Checking the reclosing conditions ..................96 10.9.2.5 Completing the test........................
  • Page 12 Table of contents 10.11.1.4 Circuit breaker lockout......................113 10.11.1.5 Completing the test....................... 114 10.12 Monitoring............................114 10.12.1 Gas medium supervision SSIMG..................... 114 10.12.1.1 Testing the liquid medium supervision for alarm and lock out conditions....114 10.12.1.2 Completing the test....................... 114 10.12.2 Liquid medium supervision SSIML..................
  • Page 13 Table of contents 12.2.2.8 Restoring..........................128 Section 13 Troubleshooting..................... 129 13.1 Checking the self supervision signals..................129 13.1.1 Checking the self supervision function................. 129 13.1.1.1 Determine the cause of an internal failure................129 13.1.2 Self supervision HMI data......................129 13.1.2.1 General IED status........................129 13.2 Fault tracing............................130 13.2.1...

  • Page 15: Introduction

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 1 Introduction Section 1 Introduction This manual GUID-AB423A30-13C2-46AF-B7FE-A73BB425EB5F v19 The commissioning manual contains instructions on how to commission the IED. The manual can also be used by system engineers and maintenance personnel for assistance during the testing phase.

  • Page 16: Product Documentation

    Section 1 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Introduction Product documentation 1.3.1 Product documentation set GUID-3AA69EA6-F1D8-47C6-A8E6-562F29C67172 v15 Engineering manual Installation manual Commissioning manual Operation manual Application manual Technical manual Communication protocol manual Cyber security deployment guideline IEC07000220-4-en.vsd IEC07000220 V4 EN-US Figure 1: The intended use of manuals throughout the product lifecycle The engineering manual contains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using the various tools available within the PCM600 software.

  • Page 17: Document Revision History

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 1 Introduction The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings. The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per function.

  • Page 18: Document Symbols And Conventions

    Section 1 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Introduction 650 series manuals Document numbers Accessories guide IEC: 1MRK 514 012-UEN ANSI: 1MRK 514 012-UUS Cyber security deployment guideline 1MRK 511 382-UEN Connection and Installation components 1MRK 513 003-BEN Test system, COMBITEST 1MRK 512 001-BEN Document symbols and conventions 1.4.1 Symbols...

  • Page 19: Document Conventions

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 1 Introduction 1.4.2 Document conventions GUID-96DFAB1A-98FE-4B26-8E90-F7CEB14B1AB6 v8 • Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also contains definitions of important terms. • Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the push button icons.
  • Page 20 Section 1 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes EF4PTOC EF4LLN0 EF4PTRC EF4PTRC EF4RDIR EF4RDIR GEN4PHAR GEN4PHAR PH1PTOC PH1PTOC EFPIOC EFPIOC EFPIOC ETPMMTR ETPMMTR ETPMMTR FUFSPVC SDDRFUF FUFSPVC HZPDIF HZPDIF HZPDIF INDCALH INDCALH INDCALH...
  • Page 21 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 1 Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes SESRSYN RSY1LLN0 AUT1RSYN AUT1RSYN MAN1RSYN MAN1RSYN SYNRSYN SYNRSYN SINGLELCCH SCHLCCH SLGAPC SLGGIO SLGAPC SMBRREC SMBRREC SMBRREC SMPPTRC SMPPTRC SMPPTRC SP16GAPC SP16GGIO SP16GAPC SPC8GAPC SPC8GGIO SPC8GAPC...

  • Page 23: Safety Information

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 2 Safety information Section 2 Safety information Symbols on the product GUID-E48F2EC3-6AB8-4ECF-A77E-F16CE45CA5FD v2 All warnings must be observed. Read the entire manual before doing installation or any maintenance work on the product. All warnings must be observed. Class 1 Laser product.

  • Page 24: Caution Signs

    Section 2 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Safety information M2370-2 v1 Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a IED during normal operation. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupted and IED and measuring circuitry may be damaged.

  • Page 25: Note Signs

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 2 Safety information M2695-2 v2 Always transport PCBs (modules) using certified conductive bags. M2696-2 v1 Do not connect live wires to the IED. Internal circuitry may be damaged M2697-2 v2 Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective earth when replacing modules.

  • Page 27: Available Functions

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 3 Available functions Section 3 Available functions Main protection functions GUID-66BAAD98-851D-4AAC-B386-B38B57718BD2 v12 Table 2: Example of quantities = number of basic instances = option quantities 3-A03 = optional function included in packages A03 (refer to ordering details) IEC 61850 ANSI Function description...

  • Page 28: Control And Monitoring Functions

    Section 3 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Available functions IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Line Distance REL650 (A11) LOVPTUV Loss of voltage check Multipurpose protection CVGAPC General current and voltage protection 1) 67 requires voltage 2) 67N requires voltage Control and monitoring functions GUID-E3777F16-0B76-4157-A3BF-0B6B978863DE v13 IEC 61850 ANSI...
  • Page 29 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 3 Available functions IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Line distance REL650 (A11) AND, GATE, INV, Basic configurable logic blocks (see Table 3) 40–420 LLD, OR, PULSETIMER, RSMEMORY, SRMEMORY, TIMERSET, XOR FXDSIGN Fixed signal function block B16I Boolean 16 to Integer conversion BTIGAPC...

  • Page 30: Communication

    Section 3 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Available functions IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Line distance REL650 (A11) Metering PCFCNT Pulse-counter logic ETPMMTR Function for energy calculation and demand handling Table 3: Total number of instances for basic configurable logic blocks Basic configurable logic block Total number of instances GATE...

  • Page 31: Basic Ied Functions

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 3 Available functions IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Line distance REL650 (A11) GOOSEBINRCV GOOSE binary receive GOOSEDPRCV GOOSE function block to receive a double point value GOOSEINTRCV GOOSE function block to receive an integer value GOOSEMVRCV GOOSE function block to receive a measurand value GOOSESPRCV...
  • Page 32 Section 3 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Available functions IEC 61850 or function Description name BININPUT, Time synchronization SYNCHCAN, SYNCHGPS, SYNCHCMPPS, SYNCHLON, SYNCHPPH, SYNCHPPS, SNTP, SYNCHSPA, SYNCHCMPPS TIMEZONE Time synchronization DSTBEGIN, GPS time synchronization module DSTENABLE, DSTEND IRIG-B Time synchronization SETGRPS Number of setting groups ACTVGRP Parameter setting groups...
  • Page 33 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 3 Available functions IEC 61850 or function ANSI Description name LEDGEN General LED indication part for LHMI OPENCLOSE_LED LHMI LEDs for open and close keys GRP1_LED1– Basic part for CP HW LED indication module GRP1_LED15 GRP2_LED1–...

  • Page 35: Starting Up

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 4 Starting up Section 4 Starting up Factory and site acceptance testing GUID-38C2B5FA-9210-4D85-BA21-39CE98A1A84A v2 Testing the proper IED operation is carried out at different occasions, for example: • Acceptance testing • Commissioning testing • Maintenance testing This manual describes the workflow and the steps to carry out the commissioning testing.

  • Page 36: Checking The Power Supply

    Section 4 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Starting up Checking the power supply M11725-2 v6 Do not insert anything else to the female connector but the corresponding male connector. Inserting anything else (such as a measurement probe) may damage the female connector and prevent a proper electrical contact between the printed circuit board and the external wiring connected to the screw terminal block.

  • Page 37: Setting Up Communication Between Pcm600 And The Ied

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 4 Starting up t (s) xx04000310-1-en.vsd IEC04000310 V2 EN-US Figure 2: Typical IED start-up sequence 1 IED energized. Green LED instantly starts flashing 2 LCD lights up and "IED startup" is displayed 3 The main menu is displayed. A steady green light indicates a successful startup. If the upper row in the window indicates ‘Fail’...
  • Page 38 Section 4 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Starting up • The default IP address for the IED front port is 10.1.150.3 and the corresponding subnetwork mask is 255.255.255.0, which can be set via the local HMI path Main menu/ Configuration/Communication/Ethernet configuration/FRONT:1. Setting up the PC or workstation for point-to-point access to IEDs front port An ethernet cable (max 2 m length) with RJ-45 connectors is needed to connect two physical...
  • Page 39 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 4 Starting up IEC13000057-1-en.vsd IEC13000057 V1 EN-US Figure 4: Select: Search programs and files Type View network connections and click on the View network connections icon. Commissioning manual...
  • Page 40 Section 4 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Starting up IEC13000058-1-en.vsd IEC13000058 V1 EN-US Figure 5: Click View network connections Right-click and select Properties. IEC13000059-1-en.vsd IEC13000059 V1 EN-US Figure 6: Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties Select the TCP/IPv4 protocol from the list of configured components using this connection and click Properties.
  • Page 41 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 4 Starting up IEC13000060-1-en.vsd IEC13000060 V1 EN-US Figure 7: Select the TCP/IPv4 protocol and open Properties IP address and Subnet mask if the front Select Use the following IP address and define IP address is not set to be obtained automatically by the IED, see port is used and if the Figure 8.

  • Page 42: Writing An Application Configuration To The Ied

    Section 4 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Starting up The PC and IED must belong to the same subnetwork for this set-up to work. Setting up the PC to access the IED via a network The same method is used as for connecting to the front port. The PC and IED must belong to the same subnetwork for this set-up to work.

  • Page 43: Checking Vt Circuits

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 4 Starting up Both the primary and the secondary sides must be disconnected from the line and the IED when plotting the excitation characteristics. If the CT secondary circuit earth connection is removed without the current transformer primary being de-energized, dangerous voltages may result in the secondary CT circuits.

  • Page 44: Checking The Binary Input/Output Circuits

    Section 4 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Starting up Verify that the contact sockets have been crimped correctly and that they are fully inserted by tugging on the wires. Never do this with current circuits in service. Current circuit Verify that the contacts are of current circuit type. Verify that the short circuit jumpers are located in the correct slots.

  • Page 45: Configuring The Ied And Changing Settings

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 5 Configuring the IED and changing settings Section 5 Configuring the IED and changing settings Overview M11730-2 v6 The customer specific values for each setting parameter and a configuration file have to be available before the IED can be set and configured, if the IED is not delivered with a configuration.

  • Page 46: Supervision Of Input/Output Modules

    Section 5 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Configuring the IED and changing settings The following parameter shall be set for every current transformer connected to the IED: Table 6: CT configuration Parameter description Parameter name Range Default Rated CT primary current in A CTPRIMn from 0 to 99999 3000...

  • Page 47: Establishing Connection And Verifying The Spa/Iec Communication

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 6 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC communication Section 6 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC communication Entering settings M11735-2 v1 If the IED is connected to a monitoring or control system via the rear SPA/IEC port, the SPA/IEC port has to be set either for SPA or IEC use.

  • Page 48: Verifying The Communication

    Section 6 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC communication When the setting is entered the IED restarts automatically. After the restart the selected IEC port operates as an IEC port. Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear IEC port. The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI under Main menu/ Configuration/Communication/SLM configuration/Rear optical SPA-IEC-DNP port/ IEC60870–5–103...

  • Page 49: Optical Budget Calculation For Serial Communication With Spa/Iec

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 6 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC communication Table 7: Max distances between IEDs/nodes glass < 1000 m according to optical budget plastic < 25 m (inside cubicle) according to optical budget Optical budget calculation for serial communication with SPA/IEC M11736-4 v2 Table 8:...

  • Page 51: Establishing Connection And Verifying The Lon Communication

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 7 Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication Section 7 Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication Communication via the rear ports M12196-2 v1 7.1.1 LON communication M12196-4 v5 LON communication is normally used in station automation systems. Optical fiber is used within the substation as the physical communication link.

  • Page 52: The Lon Protocol

    Section 7 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication Glass fibre Plastic fibre Wavelength 820-900 nm 660 nm Transmitted power -13 dBm (HFBR-1414) -13 dBm (HFBR-1521) Receiver sensitivity -24 dBm (HFBR-2412) -20 dBm (HFBR-2521) 7.1.2 The LON Protocol M14804-32 v2 The LON protocol is specified in the LonTalkProtocol Specification Version 3 from Echelon Corporation.
  • Page 53 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 7 Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication If the LON communication from the IED stops, caused by setting of illegal communication parameters (outside the setting range) or by another disturbance, it is possible to reset the LON port of the IED.

  • Page 54: Optical Budget Calculation For Serial Communication With Lon

    Section 7 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON M11737-4 v2 Table 14: Example Distance 1 km Distance10 m Glass Plastic Maximum attenuation -11 dB - 7 dB 4 dB/km multi mode: 820 nm - 62.5/125 um 4 dB 0.3 dB/m plastic: 620 nm - 1mm...

  • Page 55: Establishing Connection And Verifying The Iec 61850 Communication

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 8 Establishing connection and verifying the IEC 61850 communication Section 8 Establishing connection and verifying the IEC 61850 communication Overview SEMOD172103-4 v7 The rear OEM ports are used for: • station bus (IEC 61850-8-1) communication. For IEC 61850-8-1 redundant communication, both rear OEM ports are utilized.
  • Page 56 Section 8 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Establishing connection and verifying the IEC 61850 communication Verifying redundant IEC 61850-8-1 communication Ensure that the IED receives IEC 61850-8-1 data on both port AB and CD. Browse in the local HMI to Main menu/Diagnostics/Communication/Redundant PRP and check that both signals Ok .

  • Page 57: Testing Ied Operation

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation Section 9 Testing IED operation Preparing for test IP336-1 v1 9.1.1 Requirements M11740-2 v8 IED test requirements: • Calculated settings • Application configuration diagram • Signal matrix (SMT) configuration • Terminal connection diagram •...

  • Page 58: Preparing The Ied To Verify Settings

    Section 9 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing IED operation This IED is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times the rated current. Please observe the measuring accuracy of the IED, the test equipment and the angular accuracy for both of them. Please consider the configured logic from the function block to the output contacts when measuring the operate time.

  • Page 59: Activating The Test Mode

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation Set and configure the function(s) before testing. Most functions are highly flexible and permit a choice of functional and tripping modes. The various modes are checked at the factory as part of the design verification. In certain cases, only modes with a high probability of coming into operation need to be checked when commissioned to verify the configuration and settings.

  • Page 60: Connecting The Test Equipment To The Ied

    Section 9 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing IED operation Connecting the test equipment to the IED M11744-2 v7 Connect the test equipment according to the IED specific connection diagram and the needed input and output signals for the function under test. An example of a connection is shown in figure 10.

  • Page 61: Verifying Analog Primary And Secondary Measurement

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation function blocks can also be individually blocked to ensure that no events are reported to a remote station during the test. This is done by setting the parameter EvDisable to Yes . Any function is blocked if the corresponding setting in the local HMI under Main On , that is, the parameter menu/Test/Function test modes menu remains...

  • Page 62: Forcing Of Binary Input/Output Signals For Testing

    Section 9 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing IED operation Forcing of binary input/output signals for testing 9.8.1 Forcing concept GUID-3FD8C676-10E5-432A-8CD5-4643299AD794 v2 Forcing of binary inputs and outputs is a convenient way to test wiring in stations as well as testing configuration logic in the IEDs. Basically it means that all binary inputs and outputs on the IED I/O modules (BOM, BIM &...

  • Page 63: How To Change Binary Input/Output Signals Using Forcing

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation It may be convenient to control the input on mentioned component from, for example, an LHMI function key or similar during commissioning to quickly and easily enter IED test mode. 9.8.3 How to change binary input/output signals using forcing GUID-7DF9FAF1-68B1-49AF-9DE4-2A8D6F6FAEFE v1 Once the IED is in IED test mode, the LHMI/PCM600 menus can be used to control input/...

  • Page 64: Forcing By Using Pcm600

    Section 9 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing IED operation IEC15000022 V1 EN-US It is possible to power-cycle the IED in this state without losing the forcing states and values. This means that once a signal is forced, and the IED remains in IED test mode, the input or output will appear “frozen”...
  • Page 65 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation Right click on the IED in the plant structure and select Signal Monitoring. List View tab. Click on the Forcing Session in the menu IED/Start Forcing . Click IEC15000023 V1 EN-US Start editing signal value for forcing on the tool bar.

  • Page 66: How To Undo Forcing Changes And Return The Ied To Normal Operation

    Section 9 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing IED operation Regardless if the forcing changes are commited or canceled, the forcing is still active. Start editing signal value for forcing again. To force more signals, click the button 9.8.4 How to undo forcing changes and return the IED to normal operation GUID-00E2BAD8-A29E-4B9D-80E6-E12F59E019BD v1 Regardless of which input/output signals have been forced, all forced signals will return to...
  • Page 67 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation PCM600 will revert all forced signals back to unforced and the real signal values will immediately take effect again. This may change both binary input values and output relay states and will undo any forcing done by using the LHMI.

  • Page 69: Section 10 Testing Functionality By Secondary Injection

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.1 Testing disturbance report 10.1.1 Introduction M17101-2 v6 The following sub-functions are included in the disturbance report function: • Disturbance recorder • Event list •...

  • Page 70: Event Recorder (Er) And Event List (El)

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Evaluation of the results from the disturbance recording function requires access to a PC either permanently connected to the IED or temporarily connected to the Ethernet port (RJ-45) on the front. The PCM600 software package must be installed in the PC. Disturbance upload can be performed by the use of PCM600 or by any third party tool with IEC 61850 protocol.

  • Page 71: Verifying The Settings

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.3.1.1 Verifying the settings SEMOD55257-46 v5 Connect single-phase or three-phase test set to inject the operating voltage. The injection is done across the measuring branch. The required trip and alarm voltage, as well as the used stabilizing resistance value must be set in the function.
  • Page 72 Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Ensure that the maximum continuous current to the IED does not exceed four times its rated value, if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs under constant voltage conditions. The test procedure has to take into consideration that the shaped load encroachment characteristic is active.
  • Page 73 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Test point Reach Set value Comments 0.8 x X1 0.8 x R1 + RFPP/2 0.5 x X1 0.5 x R1 + RFPP/2 ArgLd = angle for the maximal load transfer 0.85 x RFPP x tan (ArgLd) 0.85 x RFPP RLdFw x tan (ArgLd)

  • Page 74: Measuring The Operating Limit Of Set Values

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Table is used in conjunction with figure 14. Table 16: Test points for phase-to-earth L3-E (Ohm/Loop) Test point Reach Value Comments (2 x X1 (2 x X1 + X0 2 x R1 + R0 0.8 x (2 x X1...

  • Page 75: Measuring The Operating Time Of Distance Protection Zones

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds. Apply the fault condition and slowly decrease the measured impedance to find the operating value of the phase-to-phase fault for zone 1 according to test point 1 in figure and table 15.

  • Page 76: Activating Zcvpsof Externally

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.4.2.1 Activating ZCVPSOF externally M13850-14 v7 Activate the switch onto fault BC input. During normal operating conditions, the BC input is de-energized. AutoInitMode to DLD disabled and Mode to Impedance . Apply a three-phase fault condition corresponding to a fault at approximately 45% of the line or with impedance at 50% of the used zone setting and current greater than 30% of IBase .

  • Page 77: Measuring The Operate Limit Of Set Values

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Ensure that the maximum continuous current, supplied from the current source used for the test of the IED, does not exceed four times the rated current value of the IED. 10.5.1.1 Measuring the operate limit of set values M11754-11 v6...

  • Page 78: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 3.1. Set the injected polarizing voltage slightly larger than the set minimum polarizing voltage (default is 5% of UBase ) and set the injection current to lag the appropriate voltage by an angle of about 80°...

  • Page 79: Completing The Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Inject a phase current into the IED with an initial value below that of the setting. Increase the injected current in the Ln or in the neutral (summated current input) phase until the TRIP signal appears.

  • Page 80: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Do as described in "Four step directional earth fault protection", but without applying any polarizing voltage. 10.5.4.3 Completing the test SEMOD53296-122 v4 TESTMODE setting to Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 81: Checking The Re-Trip And Back-Up Times

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.5.5.3 Checking the re-trip and back-up times M12104-93 v10 The check of the set times can be made in connection with the check of operate values above. Choose the applicable function and trip mode, such as FunctionMode = Current and RetripMode = CB Pos Check .

  • Page 82: Verifying Instantaneous Back-Up Trip At Cb Faulty Condition

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection BuTripMode = 1 out of 3 should have been verified in the tests above. In The normal mode applicable cases the modes 1 out of 4 and 2 out of 4 can be checked. Choose the mode below, which corresponds to the actual case.

  • Page 83: Verifying The Function Mode Current&Contact

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Current&Contact 10.5.5.8 Verifying the function mode M12104-237 v5 FunctionMode = Current&Contact is selected. It is suggested to make To be made only when the tests in one phase only, or at three-phase trip applications for just three-phase tripping. IP>...

  • Page 84: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Activate the EXTPDIND binary input. No TRIP signal should appear. Reset both BLKDBYAR and EXTPDIND binary inputs. Activate the BLOCK binary input. Activate EXTPDIND binary input. NO TRIP signal should appear. Reset both BLOCK and EXTPDIND binary inputs.

  • Page 85: Completing The Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection The operate value in secondary volts is calculated according to the following equations: For phase-to-earth measurement: UBase VT < × × VTprim (Equation 1) IECEQUATION2430 V1 EN-US For phase-to-phase measurement: <...

  • Page 86: Two Step Overvoltage Protection Ov2Ptov

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.6.2 Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV M13806-2 v6 Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Requirements" section "Preparing for test" in this chapter. 10.6.2.1 Verifying the settings M13806-9 v2 Verification of single-phase voltage and time delay to operate for Step 1 M13806-50 v8...

  • Page 87: Verifying The Settings

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.6.3.1 Verifying the settings SEMOD54358-35 v10 Apply a single-phase voltage either to a single-phase voltage input or to a residual U1> . voltage input with the start value below the set value Slowly increase the value until ST1 appears.

  • Page 88: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Note that TRIP at this time is a pulse signal, duration should be according tPulse . to set tRestore time. Inject the measured voltages at rated values for at least set Activate the CBOPEN binary input.

  • Page 89: Overcurrent Feature With Current Restraint

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Go to Main menu/Test/Function test modes/Multipurpose protection/ GeneralCurrentVoltage(GAPC)/CVGAPC:x and make sure that CVGAPC to be tested is unblocked and other functions that might disturb the evaluation of the test are blocked. Connect the test set for injection of three-phase currents to the appropriate current terminals of the IED.

  • Page 90: Overcurrent Feature With Directionality

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.7.1.4 Overcurrent feature with directionality SEMOD56488-60 v5 Please note that the directional characteristic can be set in two different ways either just dependent on the angle between current and polarizing voltage (setting parameter DirPrinc_OC1 or DirPrinc_OC2 set to or in a way that the operate value also is dependent on the angle between current and polarizing voltage according to the I ·...

  • Page 91: Verifying The Settings

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection IMinOp is lower than the setting of The condition for this procedure is that the setting of Ip>Block . 10.8.1.1 Verifying the settings M12917-31 v7 Check the input circuits and the operate value of the IMinOp current level detector by injecting current, one phase at a time.

  • Page 92: Measuring The Operate Value For The Negative Sequence Function

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection • There should be no change in the high status of the output signals BLKU and BLKZ. • The signal 3PH will appear. Establish normal voltage and current operating conditions simultaneously and observe the corresponding output signals.

  • Page 93: Measuring The Operate Value For The Zero-Sequence Function

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.8.2.3 Measuring the operate value for the zero-sequence function M1405-72 v11 Measure the operate value for the zero-sequence function, if included in the IED. Simulate normal operating conditions with the three-phase currents in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated values.

  • Page 94: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Simulate normal operating conditions with the three-phase currents in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated values. Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultaneously. DU>...

  • Page 95: Testing The Synchronizing Function

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection The tests explained in the test procedures below describe the settings, which can be used as references during testing before the final settings are specified. After testing, restore the equipment to the normal or desired settings.

  • Page 96: Testing The Synchrocheck Check

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection FreqDiffMin = 50.01 Hz tBreaker = 0.080 s Apply voltages UBaseLine and f-Line = 50.0 Hz 1.1. U-Line = 100% UBaseBus and f-Bus = 50.15Hz 1.2. U-Bus = 100% Check that a closing pulse is submitted at a closing angle equal to calculated phase angle value from the formula below.
  • Page 97 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Apply voltages U-Line (for example) = 100% GblBaseSelLine and U-Bus = 100% GblBaseSelBus , with a phase difference equal to 0 degrees and a frequency difference FreqDiffA and FreqDiffM . lower than Check that the AUTOSYOK and MANSYOK outputs are activated.

  • Page 98: Testing The Energizing Check

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection The voltage difference between the voltage connected to U-Bus and U-Line should be 0%, so that the AUTOSYOK and MANSYOK outputs are activated first. Change the U-Line voltage connection to U-Line2 without changing the setting on the local HMI.

  • Page 99: Testing The Voltage Selection

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Verify the local HMI settings AutoEnerg or ManEnerg to be Both . GblBaseSelLine to the U-Line and a single-phase Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% GblBaseSelBus to the U-Bus. voltage of 100% tAutoEnerg Check that the AUTOENOK and MANENOK outputs are activated after set...
  • Page 100 (CB) is simulated by an external bi-stable relay (BR), for example a relay type RXMVB2 or RXMD or Breaker Simulator of ABB. The following manual switches are used: • Switch or push-button to close (SC) •...

  • Page 101: Preparation Of The Verification

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection CLOSE CB Trip CB POS CB READY To test IEC04000202-1- en.vsd IEC04000202 V2 EN-US Figure 17: Simulating the CB operation by a bi-stable relay/breaker simulator and manual switches 10.9.2.1 Preparation of the verification M12400-40 v7 Check the function settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Settings/Setting group...

  • Page 102: Verifying The Autorecloser Function Smbrrec

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection The CB should be closed and ready. If external control inputs OFF/ON are used, check that they work. Set ExternalCtrl = On and use the control inputs to switch On and Off, and check the state of the function. 10.9.2.3 Verifying the autorecloser function SMBRREC M12400-91 v11...
  • Page 103 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Check that the autorecloser function SMBRREC is operative, for example, by making a reclosing shot without the INHIBIT signal. Apply a fault and thereby a START signal. At the same time, or during the open time, apply a signal to the input INHIBIT.

  • Page 104: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.9.2.5 Completing the test M12400-218 v5 TESTMODE setting to Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 105: Scheme Communication

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10 Scheme communication SEMOD53569-1 v1 10.10.1 Scheme communication logic for distance or overcurrent protection ZCPSCH M13868-2 v7 Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Requirements" section "Preparing for test"...

  • Page 106: Testing Delta Blocking Scheme

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Deactivate the receive (CR) signal of the IED. Apply healthy normal load conditions to the IED for at least two seconds. Apply a fault condition within the forward directed zone used for scheme communication tripping.

  • Page 107: Completing The Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10.1.6 Completing the test M13868-84 v6 TESTMODE setting to Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 108: Testing Blocking Scheme

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10.2.3 Testing blocking scheme GUID-4FAA2F15-BB34-456D-A7F2-E79245371CBD v1 Deactivate the receive (CRLx) signal of the IED. Apply healthy normal load conditions to the IED for at least two seconds. Apply a fault condition within the forward directed zone used for scheme communication tripping.

  • Page 109: Weak End Infeed Logic

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection tDelayRev set value. The forward zone timer must be set longer than the Activate the receive (CRL) signal. Set the healthy condition to an impedance at 50% of the reach of the reverse zone connected to IRV.

  • Page 110: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10.3.3 Completing the test M14947-105 v5 TESTMODE setting to Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 111: Compensated Over- And Undervoltage Protection Couvgapc

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the event memory. Repeat steps 3 – 6 for phases L2 and L3. SBase Inject symmetrical phase voltages and phase currents in all three phases, equal to (rated voltage and current).

  • Page 112: Sudden Change In Current Variation Sccvptoc

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Increase stepwise the injected voltage to 110% of the operate level, and check the time delay. Check that all trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration (signal matrices).
  • Page 113 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Table 18: Activate input signals if OpMode = 2 Out Of 2 INPut CHERR1 CHERR2 LOCTR LOCTRL1 LOCTRL2 LOCTRL3 Table 19: Activate output signals if OpMode = 2 Out Of 2 OUTPut TRIP TRL1...

  • Page 114: Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection Lcnsptov

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Connect the trip output to a timer. Have inputs CR1 and CR2 activated. Start the timer from activation from activation of input LOCTR and stop the timer from TRIP output. Check the trip time.

  • Page 115: Zero Sequence Overvoltage Protection Lczsptov

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10.5.6 Zero sequence overvoltage protection LCZSPTOV GUID-6289688A-6F66-4173-9F49-A67D3E311513 v1 Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Requirements" and section "Preparing for test" in this chapter. Connect the test set for three-phase voltage injection (L1, L2, L3) or residual voltage injection (N) to the appropriate IED terminals.

  • Page 116: Zero Sequence Overcurrent Protection Lczsptoc

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Set the injected current to 200% of the operate level of the tested stage. Switch on the current and check the time delay. Check that all trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration (signal matrices).

  • Page 117: Three Phase Undercurrent Lcp3Ptuc

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.10.5.10 Three phase undercurrent LCP3PTUC GUID-8C3BA5FB-5878-4B87-BDF0-5DCDF72870B4 v1 Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Requirements" and section "Preparing for test" in this chapter. Connect the test set for three-phase current injection to the appropriate IED terminals. Inject a symmetrical three-phase current larger than the set value I<.

  • Page 118: 1Ph/2Ph/3Ph Operating Mode

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Make sure that TripLockout and AutoLock are both set to Off . Initiate different single-phase-to-earth faults one at a time. Single-phase tripping will only be allowed when an autoreclose attempt will follow. The autorecloser function SMBRREC has the functionality such as the long trip time, CB ready and so on, which can prevent a proper single-phase tripping and autoreclose.

  • Page 119: Circuit Breaker Lockout

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection time. Functional outputs TRIP and TR2P should be active at each fault. No other outputs should be active. Initiate a three-phase fault. Take an adequate time interval between faults into consideration, to overcome a reclaim time, which may be activated by SMBRREC.

  • Page 120: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.11.1.5 Completing the test SEMOD54375-203 v6 TESTMODE setting to Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 121: Testing The Liquid Medium Supervision For Alarm And Lock Out Conditions

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.12.2.1 Testing the liquid medium supervision for alarm and lock out conditions GUID-C1F1E6CA-9512-4358-A4E7-84CC3698D156 v2 Connect the binary inputs to consider liquid level to initiate the alarms. Consider the analogue level input LEVEL to initiate the alarms. Liquid level lock out input can be used to set LVL_LO signal, check the signal status in local HMI under Main menu/Test/Function status/Monitoring/Liquid medium supervision SSIML/LVL_LO...
  • Page 122 Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection AccStopCurr . 5.1. Test the set current level defined by 5.2. Check the CLOSEPOS output by changing the POSOPEN to 0 and POSCLOSE to 1 . POSOPEN to 1 and POSCLOSE to 0 and 5.3.

  • Page 123: Completing The Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.12.3.2 Completing the test GUID-0A16206F-690E-46EF-86F4-5A89E0BF640B v3 Test mode setting to Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Off . Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 124: Measuring The Operate Limit

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.12.5.1 Measuring the operate limit M14955-48 v5 Set the test point (|Z| fault impedance and ZF impedance phase angle ) for a condition that meets the requirements in table 22. Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds.

  • Page 125: Completing The Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.12.6.1 Completing the test GUID-325F040B-BADC-4281-B965-9B7D6BFA3E15 v1 Off . Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Test mode setting to Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed for testing purposes.

  • Page 126: Completing The Test

    Section 10 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection Repeat the above test steps 1 to 2. tEnergy setting as 1 minute and supply the IED with three phase currents and voltages at their rated value till 1 minute. Check the MAXPAFD and MAXPRFD outputs after 1 minute and compare it with last 1 minute average power values.

  • Page 127: Basic Ied Functions

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection 10.15 Basic IED functions SEMOD52026-1 v1 10.15.1 Parameter setting group handling SETGRPS M11369-2 v4 Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Preparing for test" in this chapter.

  • Page 129: Section 11 Checking The Directionality

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 11 Checking the directionality Section 11 Checking the directionality 11.1 Overview GUID-7E504488-F341-477A-953A-EB0B262911EB v2 Before starting this process, all individual devices that are involved in the fault clearance process of the protected object must have been individually tested and must be set in operation.
  • Page 130 Section 11 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Checking the directionality function. It is also possible that there is a wrong setting for the earthing point for one or more of the CTs serving distance protection (the setting name is: CTStarPoint available under the HMI menu:Main menu/Configuration/Analog modules).

  • Page 131: Section 12 Commissioning And Maintenance Of The Fault Clearing System

    The periodicity of all tests depends on several factors, for example the importance of the installation, environmental conditions, simple or complex equipment, static or electromechanical IEDs, and so on. The normal maintenance praxis of the user should be followed. However, ABB's recommendation is as follows: Every second to third year •...

  • Page 132: Visual Inspection

    ABB protection IEDs are preferably tested by aid of components from the COMBITEST testing system described in information B03-9510 E. Main components are RTXP 8/18/24 test switch usually located to the left in each protection IED and RTXH 8/18/24 test handle, which is inserted in test switch at secondary testing.

  • Page 133: Alarm Test

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 12 Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing system specific protection IED. Only the setting values adopted shall be checked for each protection function. If the discrepancy between obtained value and requested set value is too big the setting should be adjusted, the new value recorded and a note should be made in the test record.

  • Page 134: Restoring

    Section 12 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing system recorded. Also check the direction of directional functions such as Distance and directional overcurrent functions. For transformer differential protection, the achieved differential current value is dependent on the tap changer position and can vary between less than 1% up to perhaps 10% of rated current.

  • Page 135: Section 13 Troubleshooting

    No problem detected. None. Time synch Fail No time Check the synchronization source for problems. synchronization. If the problem persists, contact your ABB representative for service. Real time clock Ready No problem detected. None. Real time clock Fail The real time clock has Set the clock.

  • Page 136: Fault Tracing

    Ready (I/O module name) I/O modules has failed. Check that the I/O module has been configured and Fail connected to the IOP1- block. If the problem persists, contact your ABB representative for service. 13.2 Fault tracing IP8765-1 v1 13.2.1 Internal fault indications...

  • Page 137: Using Front-Connected Pc

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 13 Troubleshooting HMI Signal Name: Status Description Application READY / FAIL This signal will be active if one or more of the application threads are not in the state that Runtime Engine expects. The states can be CREATED, INITIALIZED, RUNNING, etc.

  • Page 138: Diagnosing The Ied Status Via The Lhmi Hint Menu

    Section 13 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Troubleshooting The information can only be retrieved from the Parameter Setting software package. The PC can be connected either to the port at the front or at the rear of the IED. These events are logged as internal events. Table 25: Events available for the internal event list in the IED Event message:...

  • Page 139: Hardware Re-Configuration

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 13 Troubleshooting The supported list of hints are as follows: Table 26: Hint menu Headline Explanation Incorrect setting of SyncLostMode There are two explanations possible: SyncLostMode is set to Block , no time source is configured to achieve the required accuracy.

  • Page 140: Repair Instruction

    M11764-10 v1 An alternative is to open the IED and send only the faulty circuit board to ABB for repair. When a printed circuit board is sent to ABB, it must always be placed in a metallic, ESD-proof, protection bag. The user can also purchase separate replacement modules.

  • Page 141: Repair Support

    Repair support M11768-3 v3 If an IED needs to be repaired, the whole IED must be removed and sent to an ABB Logistic Center. Before returning the material, an inquiry must be sent to the ABB Logistic Center. e-mail: offer.selog@se.abb.com 13.5...

  • Page 143: Section 14 Glossary

    1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 14 Glossary Section 14 Glossary M14893-1 v15 Alternating current Actual channel Application configuration tool within PCM600 A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter ADBS Amplitude deadband supervision Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization Analog input ANSI American National Standards Institute Autoreclosing ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer...
  • Page 144 Section 14 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Glossary CO cycle Close-open cycle Codirectional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions Command COMTRADE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange format for Disturbance recorder according to IEEE/ANSI C37.111, 1999 / IEC 60255-24 Contra-directional...
  • Page 145 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 14 Glossary EnFP End fault protection Enhanced performance architecture Electrostatic discharge F-SMA Type of optical fiber connector Fault number Flow control bit; Frame count bit FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data and protection signals FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer...
  • Page 146 Section 14 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Glossary standard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for the electrical EMF (Electromotive force). IEEE 1686 Standard for Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Cyber Security Capabilities Intelligent electronic device I-GIS Intelligent gas-insulated switchgear...
  • Page 147 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 14 Glossary OLTC On-load tap changer OTEV Disturbance data recording initiated by other event than start/pick-up Overvoltage Overreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault condition. For example, a distance relay is overreaching when the impedance presented to it is smaller than the apparent impedance to the fault applied to the balance point, that is, the set reach.
  • Page 148 Section 14 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Glossary SNTP Simple network time protocol – is used to synchronize computer clocks on local area networks. This reduces the requirement to have accurate hardware clocks in every embedded system in a network. Each embedded node can instead synchronize with a remote clock, providing the required accuracy.
  • Page 149 1MRK 506 366-UEN A Section 14 Glossary sometimes known by the military name, "Zulu time." "Zulu" in the phonetic alphabet stands for "Z", which stands for longitude zero. Undervoltage Weak end infeed logic Voltage transformer Three times zero-sequence current.Often referred to as the residual or the earth-fault current Three times the zero sequence voltage.
  • Page 152 ABB AB Substation Automation Products SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden Phone +46 (0) 21 32 50 00 Scan this QR code to visit our website www.abb.com/protection-control © Copyright 2016 ABB. All rights reserved.

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