Antenna Design Requirements; Antenna Design Indicators - Huawei MU609 Hardware Manual

HUAWEI MU609 HSPA LGA Module
Hardware Guide

4.5 Antenna Design Requirements

4.5.1 Antenna Design Indicators

Antenna Efficiency
Antenna efficiency is the ratio of the input power to the radiated or received power of
an antenna. The radiated power of an antenna is always lower than the input power
due to the following antenna losses: return loss, material loss, and coupling loss. The
efficiency of an antenna relates to its electrical dimensions. To be specific, the
antenna efficiency increases with the electrical dimensions. In addition, the
transmission cable from the antenna port of MU609 to the antenna is also part of the
antenna. The cable loss increases with the cable length and the frequency. It is
recommended that the cable loss is as low as possible.
The following antenna efficiency (free space) is recommended for MU609 to ensure
high radio performance of the module:
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
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In addition, the efficiency should be tested with the transmission cable.
S11 or VSWR
S11 indicates the degree to which the input impedance of an antenna matches the
reference impedance (50 Ω). S11 shows the resonance feature and impedance
bandwidth of an antenna. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is another expression
of S11. S11 relates to the antenna efficiency. S11 can be measured with a vector
analyzer.
The following S11 value is recommended for the antenna of MU609:


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In addition, S11 is less important than the efficiency, and S11 has weak correlation to
wireless performance.
Isolation
For a wireless device with multiple antennas, the power of different antennas is
coupled with each other. Antenna isolation is used to measure the power coupling.
The power radiated by an antenna might be received by an adjacent antenna, which
decreases the antenna radiation efficiency and affects the running of other devices. To
avoid this problem, evaluate the antenna isolation as sufficiently as possible at the
early stage of antenna design.
Antenna isolation depends on the following factors:

Issue 04 (2016-12-12)
Efficiency of the primary antenna: ≥ 40% (below 960 MHz); ≥ 50% (over 1710
MHz)
Efficiency of the diversity antenna: ≥ half of the efficiency of the primary
antenna in receiving band
Efficiency of the GPS antenna: ≥ 50%
S11 of the primary antenna: ≤ –6 dB
S11 of the diversity antenna: ≤ –6 dB
S11 of the GPS antenna: ≤ –10 dB
Distance between antennas
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RF Specifications
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