The Basics Of The High Impedance Principle - ABB REC670 Applications Manual

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Bay control REC670 2.2 IEC
Application manual
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IEC05000738 V3 EN-US
Figure 47: Different applications of a 1Ph High impedance differential
protection HZPDIF function

The basics of the high impedance principle

The high impedance differential protection principle has been used for many years
and is well documented in literature publicly available. Its operating principle
provides very good sensitivity and high speed operation. One main benefit offered
by the principle is an absolute stability (that is, no operation) for external faults
even in the presence of heavy CT saturation. The principle is based on the CT
secondary current circulating between involved current transformers and not
through the IED due to high impedance in the measuring branch. This stabilizing
resistance is in the range of hundreds of ohms and sometimes above one kilo Ohm.
When an internal fault occurs the current cannot circulate and is forced through the
measuring branch causing relay operation.
It should be remembered that the whole scheme, its built-in components and wiring
must be adequately maintained throughout the lifetime of the equipment in order to
be able to withstand the high voltage peaks (that is, pulses) which may appear
during an internal fault. Otherwise any flash-over in CT secondary circuits or any
other part of the scheme may prevent correct operation of the high impedance
differential relay for an actual internal fault.
Section 7
Differential protection
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IEC05000738-3-en.vsd
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